The neuron is the structural and functional/electrically excitable unit of the nervous system Nervous system The nervous system is a small and complex system that consists of an intricate network of neural cells (or neurons) and even more glial cells (for support and insulation). The spleen on the other hand, filters blood. Based on their functional properties, these are described as either voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscle). The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Kenhub. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. It has a similar role as the nervous system, working in tandem with it to maintain homeostasis of the body. Primarily, the PNS is made up of the axons of neurons whose cell bodies are located within the CNS (within the brain for cranial nerves and the spinal cord for peripheral nerves yet another way to divide the nervous system based on location). Which are classified as grey matter? - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 4617df-OTVjO The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels and lymphoid organs. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Jennifer Ann Jost Last modified by: Jeff Keyte Created Date: 10/29/2003 10:25:53 PM Document presentation . During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). The most common technique used is the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Ppt #2. PPTX Histology of Nervous Tissue Nervous system ppt #2 - Liberty Union High Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. Skin glands include sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous holocrine glands, both are important in regulating body temperature. 3. The first step in tissue preparation for optic microscopy is fixation. Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. They are responsible for the computation and . All spaces are occupied either by the processes of neurons or glia or by capillaries (these capillaries are somewhat swollen here because the tissue was fixed by perfusion). It relays sensory input to other neurons in the spinal cord. Cardiomyocytes contain actin and myosin filaments just like other muscle cells, but they have some special structural and functional properties. Click on the tissue and observe. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Just medial (to the right) of the tail of the caudate, note the choroid plexus slide NP004N View Image, which consists of highly convoluted and vascularized villi covered by ependymal cells which are specialized for the production of cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF. Germinal (spermatogenic) epithelium, with spermatogenic cells and nurse (sertoli) cells, forms the convoluted tubules, while small circular interstitial (Leydig) cells are found in the connective tissue between the tubules. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. Reviewer: Please support theSecondLook initiative with a donation to ourMichigan MedicineSecondLook Donation Champaign(link is external). - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 793 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 13 Provided by: RachelA156 Category: True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called pseudo-unipolar cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. To visualize this dendritic tree, an osmium stain can be used. The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed.Myelin sheaths can extend for one or two millimeters, depending on the diameter of the axon. Body tissues are collections of cells, grouped in the body according to structure and function. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. It consists of a few cells and an abundance of extracellular matrix. Correct answer 4. In general, the brain is composed of an exterior layer of grey matter covering internal areas of white matter, with another internal layer of grey matter in the deepest part of the brain (called the basal nuclei). Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. Slide 076cerebrumcerebrum luxol blue crossView Virtual Slide, Slide 076bcerebrumTB&EView Virtual Slide. Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. There are more tissues on the website than you are responsible for. This Power point presentation will allow students to practice the skill of identifying tissue types from 25 histology slides. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). Smooth muscle tissue appears non-striated because of the less orderly arrangement of their filaments. Still deeper is the white matter slide 077 View Image of the cerebellum, which contains nerve fibers, neuroglial cells, small blood vessels, but no neuronal cell bodies. The BBB also makes it harder for pharmaceuticals to be developed that can affect the nervous system. A unity of cells with a similar structure that as a whole express a definite and unique function. Tissues. The ependymal cell is a glial cell that filters blood to make cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that circulates through the CNS. Review diagrams illustrating the morphology of neurons in your textbooks. Neuronal processes form connections (synapses) with each other and with other cell types, in order to exchange electrical signals. This system delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues, and returns deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart and lungs. Name this exception. There are six types of glial cells. Ross, H. M, Pawlina, W. (2011). Cells are the tiny living units that form the tissues, organs and structures within the body. The nervous system can be organized in several different ways. Neuroglia. In these slides you will not be able to discern the amazing dendritic tree that extends from the Purkinje cell bodies into the molecular layer, nor will you be able to see their axons, which extend down through the granular layer into deeper parts of the cerebellum. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx - Academia.edu Pyramidal cells and olfactory cells are two other examples of neurons named for these classifications which will be discussed later. Connective tissue proper is further subdivided into loose connective tissue, mostly found in internal organs as supporting tissue stroma, and dense connective tissue, which can be regular (tendons, ligaments) or irregular (dermis of the skin, organ capsules). Structure of a Neuron. Specialised cells (melanocytes, Merkels cells, Langerhans cells) and free nerve endings are found within the epidermis, providing pigmentation, protection and sensation. Different regions of the nervous system have distinct histological characteristics that make them easily recognizable, under the microscope. Be sure you identify the white matter in bothluxol blue-stainedslide 076View ImageandTB&E-stained#076bView Imagesections, as it will appear differently in these two stains. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g., motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. Read more. Also found in CNS tissue is the oligodendrocyte, sometimes called just oligo, which is the glial cell type that insulates axons in the CNS. It is related to both the circulatory system and the immune system. You should also identify the dorsal and ventral horns in slide 65-1N stained with Masson trichrome. Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. Glucosethe primary energy sourceis allowed, as are amino acids. Bipolar cells are not very common. Typically one or more sulci (infoldings) will extend inward from one edge of the section. The dendritic tree and axon of each Purkinje cell can only be seen in thicker sections stained with special silver stains. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. The function of myelin will be discussed below. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes ( dendrites, axons ). Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. Chapter 12Nervous Tissue. The ventral spinal cord. This is why doctors must take extra caution when prescribing medication to these people. All cells of the human body are eukaryotic, meaning that they are organized into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm. Scattered in the cytoplasm are the characteristic clusters of ribosomes and rough ER termed Nissl bodies or Nissl substanceslide 066aView Image. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Multipolar neurons are all of the neurons that are not unipolar or bipolar. within limits that maintain life. Because of this, ependymal cells can be considered a component of the BBB, or a place where the BBB breaks down. This is the reason why people with extensive burns are in life-threatening danger. On a longitudinal section, cardiomyocytes appear branched, joined together by specialized junctions called intercalated discs which allow them to quickly exchange electrical impulses and work as a syncytium. It is categorised as skeletal, cardiac or smooth. Calcific bodies are present in the choroid plexus, another common site of accumulation as the years pass. A third type of connective tissue is embryonic (fetal) tissue, this is a type of primitive tissue present in the embryo and umbilical cord. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). Some cutting edge research suggests that certain neurons in the CNS do not conform to the standard model of one, and only one axon. While their origin is not conclusively determined, their function is related to what macrophages do in the rest of the body. These layers of myelin are many times thicker than the diameters of the axons. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. Correct answer 1. The dermis is a layer of connective tissue that contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve endings. They can be classified by many different criteria. The arrow indicates a morphological type of neuron. Nervous tissue consists of two cells: nerve cells or neurons and glial cells, which helps transmit nerve impulses and also provides nutrients to neurons. One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. And research may find much more about them in the future. Upon maturation, they are released into the blood, lymph and into secondary lymphoid organs, where they work alongside immune system support cells to carry out a detailed surveillance of potential threats. They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides.
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