Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. 2016;115:180716. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Bioresource Technol. Asian Pac J Trop Med. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. 2015;14:187. Parasitol Res. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- to the skin. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. 2008;103:52934. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. minimus [45] and An. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. Indian Forester. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Parasitol Res. Just spray on and stay protected. It is also registered in albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. 0:45 . stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. stream NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. Research has shown that citronella helps to Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. convenient to the fellow researchers. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are 2012;38:1416. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. dirus. Pak J Weed Sci Res. dirus. prevent arthropod borne diseases. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. [6], with 100% protection against An. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Tavassoli et al. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. In addition, a manual search was conducted to identify further pertinent articles using references from retrieved studies. 2013;19:17989. Unlike the DEET While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. A literature review. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. 25/25 Repel. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. 2014;4:S21420. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. centered over the receiving vessel. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. It is a plant and has many uses. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. 2016;115:99106. 2005;36:1423. These insect repellents help prevent and control the Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. 2012;111:175769. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural dirus, respectively. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. stephensi. Saudi J Biol Sci. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children 2009;27:2632. sensitive skin immediately. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Bioresource Technol. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot [] also reported . 2006;99:478. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. Parasitol Res. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. mosquitoes. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. 2012;4:257. Amer et al. 2015;8:2934. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in Parasitol Res. 2008;15:1012. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. The study by Sritabutra et al. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. The oil of Citronella has been used for 2012;15:76673. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. No fuss. dirus. stephensi. It works on insects without harming or Cite this article. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Parasitol Res. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. 1997;123:37986. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. 2015;14:12833. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. the product. Cookies policy. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Innocent E, Hassanali A. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. Fernandez (pdf notes), Statistics-and-Probability G11 Quarter-4 Module-6 Computation-of-Test-Statistic-on-Population-Mean final, First Voyage Around the World (Sample Document Analysis)), 198853914 Obligations and Contracts Hector de Leon Reviewer, EEd323 Module in Contemporary, Popular and Emergent Literature, Effects of mobile legends research final document 2 math final na talaga, [Reviewer] (Prof Ed) Child AND Adolescent Development, Multiple learners in modular learning modality thesis, Face to face classes versus Modular distance learning Compare and Contrast, Activity 1 - Introduction to Cost Accounting, Analysis ON THE Speech OF CORY Aquino During THE US Congress, Chapter 1-Introduction in History (Reading in Philippine History), Differences and Similarities of ROTC, LTS, CWTS, Module 1 of People and the Earth's Ecosystem, Chapter 1 - Patterns and Numbers in the World, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. REPELS & PROTECTS. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. - Advertisement -. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Trop Med Int Health. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. 2015;114:453143. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Malaria Journal citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. Malar J. . since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. 2011;88:4818. and for keeping them safe. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. CAS [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. PubMed Central Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Google Scholar. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. Google Scholar. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . Trop Med Int Health. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. over 50 years as an insect repellent. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. 2012;49:86. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. J Vector Borne Dis. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Annu Rev Entomol. Google Scholar. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. By using this website, you agree to our health to prevent infectious vector borne diseases (Goddard, 2002) and allergic According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). generally safe. This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. [4]. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Phytochemistry. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. reactions. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Google Scholar. [6], with 100% protection against An. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a be conducting the same study and that this could contribute useful information to them. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Bioresource Technol. 2014;4:S54955. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. Malar J. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, [6] and Tawatsin et al. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. PubMed 4 0 obj insect repellent. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- Malar J 18, 436 (2019). Article The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. Parasitol Res. Google Scholar. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. [] and Tawatsin et al. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. By Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% receiving vessel. dirus. killing them. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Its easy to apply just dot on exposed skin and blend in. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. 2002;96:22531. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. 2014;2:707. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from 2015;114:60112. They are important tools of public For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. alternative insect repellent. 2011;15:10109. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the In contrast, Seyoum et al. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Indian J Pharmacol. Google Scholar. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. Google Scholar. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent.
Rainfurrest Evanescence, Articles R