[73], To co-ordinate planning for the proposed genocide, Heydrich hosted the Wannsee Conference, which brought together administrative leaders of the Nazi regime on 20 January 1942. [37][38] Eichmann travelled to British Mandatory Palestine with his superior Herbert Hagen in 1937 to assess the possibility of Germany's Jews voluntarily emigrating to that country, disembarking with forged press credentials at Haifa, whence they travelled to Cairo in Egypt. A team of Mossad and Shin Bet agents captured Eichmann and brought him to Israel to stand trial on 15 criminal charges, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against the Jewish people. After the death of Maria in 1916, Eichmann's father married Maria Zawrzel, a devout Protestant with two sons. 07-07-2019. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. "[114] Sassen asked him: "When you say Final Solution, do you mean they should be eradicated? [97] Nothing came of the proposal, as the Western Allies refused to consider the offer. [14][15], During this time, he joined the Jungfrontkmpfervereinigung, the youth section of Hermann Hiltl's right-wing veterans movement, and began reading newspapers published by the Nazi Party. A German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. [209] His last words were reported to be: Long live Germany. [22] After he attended a training programme at the SS depot in Klosterlechfeld in August, Eichmann returned to the Passau border in September, where he was assigned to lead an eight-man SS liaison team to guide Austrian National Socialists into Germany and smuggle propaganda material from there into Austria. This is the first of a series of articles. [70][f] "I never saw a written order," Eichmann said at his trial. [157] Inspector Less noted that Eichmann did not seem to realise the enormity of his crimes and showed no remorse. Adolf Eichmann was one of the key players in the design of the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan that called for the genocide of all Jews during World War II. Opening . The five-year-old boy, who was born in Argentina, remembers a bus ride in Buenos Aires and the chocolate given to him by Adolf, the Third Reich's "expert" on Jewish affairs, who he knew only as. He prepared an anti-Masonic exhibition, which proved to be extremely popular. [49] On 27 September 1939 the SD and the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo, "Security Police") the latter comprising the Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) police agencies were combined into the new Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA, "Reich Security Main Office"), which was placed under Heydrich's control. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. For the film, see, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, Policy transition from emigration to deportation. [194] He was deemed responsible for the dreadful conditions on board the deportation trains and for obtaining Jews to fill those trains. This was the first time that the Holocaust was presented to a competent judicial body in full detail, in all its stages and from all its aspects. [33][213] He does not agree that his father's "following orders" argument excuses his actions and observes how his father's lack of remorse caused "difficult emotions" for the Eichmann family. [215] In Israel, the testimony of witnesses at the trial led to a deeper awareness of the impact of the Holocaust on survivors, especially among younger citizens. [46] By the time he left Vienna in May 1939, nearly 100,000 Jews had left Austria legally, and many more had been smuggled out to Palestine and elsewhere. [163] The chief prosecutor was Israeli Attorney General Gideon Hausner, assisted by Deputy Attorney General Gabriel Bach and Tel Aviv District Attorney Yaakov Bar-Or. He also drew up plans for a Jewish reservation, first at Nisko in southeast Poland and later in Madagascar, but neither of these plans was carried out. At 8:00p.m. on 31 May, Eichmann was informed that the appeal for presidential clemency had been denied.[208]. A system error has occurred. Moreover, when Bauer called on the German government to get Eichmann extradited from Argentina, they immediately responded negatively. [10], Eichmann attended the Kaiser Franz Joseph Staatsoberrealschule (state secondary school) in Linz, the same high school Adolf Hitler had attended 17 years before. There they met Feival Polkes, an agent of the Haganah, with whom they were unable to strike a deal. [81] Specific deportation orders came from his RSHA superior, Gestapo chief Mller, acting on Himmler's behalf. Eichmann initially visited them weekly, but as time went on, his visits tapered off to once a month. [218] Arendt, a political theorist who reported on Eichmann's trial for The New Yorker, described Eichmann in her book Eichmann in Jerusalem as the embodiment of the "banality of evil", as she thought he appeared to have an ordinary personality, displaying neither guilt nor hatred. For the first time, British website MailOnline shed light on Friday on the fates of the four sons of Nazi archcriminal Adolf Eichmann - one of the principal organizers of the Holocaust.Eichmann, the mastermind of the so-called "Final Solution" to rid Europe of its Jews, sent 6 million Jews to th . [17] They promised a strong central government, increased Lebensraum (living space) for Germanic peoples, formation of a national community based on race, and racial cleansing via the active suppression of Jews, who would be stripped of their citizenship and civil rights. [78] The genocide was code-named Operation Reinhard in honour of Heydrich, who had died in Prague in early June from wounds suffered in an assassination attempt. [167], The Israeli government arranged for the trial to have prominent media coverage. A man, a rabbi, lived in Philadelphia after the war, accused Adolf Eichmann of a personal murder of a seven-month baby. [63] When Germany failed to defeat the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain, the invasion of Britain was postponed indefinitely. The trial, the first one in history to be videotaped, aroused interest world-wide, bringing Nazi atrocities to the . "Eichmann" redirects here. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. [184] Eichmann asserted that the decisions had been made not by him, but by Mller, Heydrich, Himmler, and ultimately Hitler. Otto Adolf Eichmann (known as Adolf Eichmann; (March 19, 1906 - June 1, 1962) was a high-ranking Nazi and SS Obersturmbannfhrer . Thanks for your help! Karl Adolf Eichmann (March 19, 1906-May 31, 1962), sometimes referred to as "the architect of the Holocaust", was a Nazi and "SS"-" Obersturmbannfhrer" (equivalent to Lieutenant Colonel). [57][58] While Eichmann claimed at his trial to be upset by the appalling conditions on the trains and in the transit camps, his correspondence and documents of the period show that his primary concern was to achieve the deportations economically and with minimal disruption to Germany's ongoing military operations. Report: Adolf Eichmann's sons established Nazi terror cell in Argentina to attack Jews Eichmann had four sons; the three eldest, Klaus, Horst and Dieter, remained loyal to him even after his death. After doing poorly in school, Eichmann briefly worked for his father's mining company in Austria, where the family had moved in 1914. Visitors included Hermann Goering, Heinrich Himmler, Kaltenbrunner, and Baron Leopold von Mildenstein. Gizon zorrotza bere . [104] Meanwhile, former commandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Hss and others gave damning evidence about Eichmann at the Nuremberg trials of major war criminals starting in 1946. [12] His poor school performance resulted in his father's withdrawing him from the Realschule and enrolling him in the Hhere Bundeslehranstalt fr Elektrotechnik, Maschinenbau und Hochbau vocational college. The Daily Mail exposed Friday the identity of the four sons of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, one of whom is living in Argentina, a few kilometers away from where the Mossad kidnapped his. an unusual account of the death of Adolf Eichmann that's screening at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. The Nazi Party was banned in Austria around the same time. They disembarked in Buenos Aires in early July 1952, where they were met by Adolf Eichmann posing as their uncle Ricardo, Vera cried with joy on seeing her husband. [53] Meanwhile, as part of Hitler's long-range resettlement plans, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans were being transported into the annexed territories, and ethnic Poles and Jews were being moved further east, particularly into the General Government. Both were concerned about what Eichmann might say in his testimony about West German national security advisor Hans Globke, who had coauthored several antisemitic Nazi laws, including the Nuremberg Laws. The Nazis began the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, and their Jewish policy changed from coerced emigration to extermination. Trivia. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. 60 years ago this week, Adolf Eichmann, one of the primary architects of the Holocaust, was captured in Argentina by a secret group of Mossad and Shin Bet agents. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. He escaped from a prisoner-of-war camp after World War. As the Daily Mail. advertisement. I am ready. In 1914 his family moved to Linz, Austria. The man who burst the protective bubble around Eichmann, the organiser of the deportation of millions of Jews to Hitler's concentration camps and the most notorious Nazi to gain refuge in. [101], On 24 December 1944, Eichmann fled Budapest just before the Soviets completed their encirclement of the capital. For other uses, see, "Operation Eichmann" redirects here. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. I greet my wife, my family and my friends. The appeal was heard by a five-judge Supreme Court panel consisting of Supreme Court President Yitzhak Olshan and judges Shimon Agranat, Moshe Zilberg, Yoel Zussman, and Alfred Witkon. Sorry! On his own initiative, Eichmann also laid plans to deport Jews from Vienna. From the early fifties, rumors proliferated claiming that he was in South America, as the intelligence services of Western Germany and the United States had already learned with certainty. [99] At the end of August he was assigned to head a commando squad to assist in the evacuation of 10,000 ethnic Germans trapped on the Hungarian border with Romania in the path of the advancing Red Army. [80], Eichmann did not make policy, but acted in an operational capacity. [171] The building was modified to allow journalists to watch the trial on closed-circuit television, and 750 seats were available in the auditorium itself. Work with the Nazi Party and the SS. [86][88] Eichmann toured northeastern Hungary in the last week of April and visited Auschwitz in May to assess the preparations. [211], Within hours Eichmann's body had been cremated, and his ashes scattered in the Mediterranean Sea, outside Israeli territorial waters, by an Israeli Navy patrol boat. [138] During these days, Harel tried to locate Josef Mengele, the notorious Nazi doctor from Auschwitz, as Mossad had information that he was also living in Buenos Aires. Born in Solingen, Germany, in 1906, Adolf Eichmann was the son of a moderately successful Austrian businessman and industrialist. Introduction. "All I know is that Heydrich told me, 'the Fhrer ordered the physical extermination of the Jews. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. Adolf Otto Eichmann, fdd 19 mars 1906 i Solingen, dd 1 juni 1962 i Ramle i Israel ( avrttad ), var en tysk SS-officer. [102] Along with many other SS officers who fled in the closing months of the war, Eichmann and his family were living in relative safety in Austria when the war in Europe ended on 8 May 1945. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. [206] Ben-Gurion called a special cabinet meeting to resolve the issue. Eichmann was . Horst Eichmann, 24 years old, called a news conference two years and a day after his father, a former Gestapo colonel, was hanged by Israel for his role in the Nazi extermination of six million. Moreover, Eichmann was found guilty of membership in three organisations that had been declared criminal at the Nuremberg trials: the Gestapo, the SD, and the SS. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. [85], Germany invaded Hungary on 19 March 1944. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. [116] The Sassen tapes form the basis of the documentary series The Devil's Confession: The Lost Eichmann Tapes screened on Israeli television in 2022. [192], The trial adjourned on 14 August, and the verdict was read on 12 December. [96] Eichmann later testified that Berlin had authorised him to allow emigration of a million Jews in exchange for 10,000 trucks equipped to handle the wintry conditions on the Eastern Front. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. [144] They arrived in Israel on 22 May, and Ben-Gurion announced his capture to the Knesset the following afternoon. [162][i] The trial was presided over by three judges: Moshe Landau, Benjamin Halevy and Yitzhak Raveh. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. [108], Eichmann initially lived in Tucumn Province, where he worked for a government contractor. The 40-year-old Eichmann also said he believed the execution of his father in Israel in 1962 was justified. During World War I Eichmann's father was a soldier, and returned to the family business in Linz at the war's conclusion in 1918. She had met him at a club, and the two had taken . [212], Eichmann's youngest son Ricardo Eichmann has said he is not resentful toward Israel for executing his father. [117] Wiesenthal learned from a letter shown to him in 1953 that Eichmann had been seen in Buenos Aires, and he passed that information to the Israeli consulate in Vienna in 1954. [29] He was assigned to study and prepare reports on the Zionist movement and various Jewish organisations. Byl poven Reinhardem Heydrichem organizovnm deportac id do ghett a vyhlazovacch tbor. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. He promoted the use of gas chambers in death camps. 59). Klammer's identity was only revealed in 2021. He sent for his family in 1952, and they moved to Buenos Aires. His wife, who disliked Berlin, resided in Prague with the children. Adolf Eichmann's children include Klaus, Horst Adolf, Dieter Helmut, and eventually Ricardo as well. '"[71] The initial plan was to implement Generalplan Ost after the conquest of the Soviet Union. Adolf Eichmann's extension of arrest hearing Lindemann spent more than a dozen years with Horst and told the Mail that he was, as far as she knew, still devoted to his father. Den yngste, Ricardo, afviste ham og siger hans henrettelse var berettiget. [124] The government of Israel paid a reward to Hermann in 1971, twelve years after he had provided the information. [119], Lothar Hermann, a Jewish German who had emigrated to Argentina in 1938, was also instrumental in exposing Eichmann's identity. View Source Suggest Edits Memorial Photos Flowers Created by: Joe Leong Added: 18 Aug 2021 Klaus arrived not long after, however, and addressed Eichmann as "Father". [170] The trial was held at Beit Ha'am (today known as the Gerard Behar Center), an auditorium in central Jerusalem. [172][173], The prosecution case was presented over the course of 56 days, involving hundreds of documents and 112 witnesses (many of them Holocaust survivors). [146] Argentina requested an urgent meeting of the United Nations Security Council in June 1960 after unsuccessful negotiations with Israel, as they regarded the capture to be a violation of their sovereign rights. Try again. [165] As foreign lawyers had no right of audience before Israeli courts at the time of Eichmann's capture, Israeli law was modified to allow those facing capital charges to be represented by a non-Israeli lawyer. [217], The use of "Eichmann" as an archetype stems from Hannah Arendt's notion of the "banality of evil". Adolf Eichmann - Biography. He escaped from a work detail at Cham, Germany, when he realised that his identity had been discovered. Eichmann and his staff became responsible for Jewish deportations to extermination camps, where the victims were gassed. [193] The judges declared him not guilty of personally killing anyone and not guilty of overseeing and controlling the activities of the Einsatzgruppen. After the war, he fled to South America but was kidnapped by Mossad agents in 1960 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he was living under an assumed name. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. ", to which Eichmann replied: "Yes. Adolf Eichmann, who died June 1962, is pictured in the box during his trial at the Jerusalem Supreme Court in Tel Aviv A forged Israeli passport used to smuggle Adolf Eichmann out of. [26] Mildenstein invited Eichmann to join his Jewish Department, Section II/112 of the SD, at its Berlin headquarters. [177] In addition to wartime documents, material presented as evidence included tapes and transcripts from Eichmann's interrogation and Sassen's interviews in Argentina. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. [168] Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation of the United States obtained exclusive rights to videotape the proceedings for television broadcast. For the first time, British website MailOnline shed light on the fates of the four sons of Nazi archcriminal Adolf Eichmannone of the principal organizers of the Holocaust. [216] The trial therefore greatly reduced the previously popular misconception that Jews had gone "like sheep to the slaughter". We know that one doesn't need to be fanatical, sadistic, or mentally ill to murder millions; that it is enough to be a loyal follower eager to do one's duty. [197] On 15 December 1961, Eichmann was sentenced to death by hanging. [34] Eichmann left the church in 1937. [186] Regarding the Wannsee Conference, Eichmann stated that he felt a sense of satisfaction and relief at its conclusion. [199] The defence team mostly relied on legal arguments about Israel's jurisdiction and the legality of the laws under which Eichmann was charged. By Hannah Arendt. [128] Argentina had a history of turning down extradition requests for Nazi criminals, so rather than filing a probably futile request for extradition, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion made the decision that Eichmann should be captured and brought to Israel for trial. [140] Eitan told the Haaretz newspaper in 2008 that the team decided not to pursue Mengele as it might have jeopardised the Eichmann operation. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. [185] Servatius also proposed that decisions of the Nazi government were acts of state and therefore not subject to normal judicial proceedings. It was a stunning development. In 1950, Eichmann traveled to. Specifically: seeking burial information at this time, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/195745810/horst-adolf-eichmann. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Eichmann was executed on 31 May 1962. back to top Legally relevant facts Prior to the outbreak of World War II, the Accused was a member of the Austrian SS and later volunteered for a position with the Head Office of the Security Service (SD) in Berlin (para. [82] Eichmann's office was responsible for collecting information on the Jews in each area, organising the seizure of their property, and arranging for and scheduling trains. This law had previously been used to prosecute about 30 people, all but one of them Jewish Holocaust survivors, who were alleged to have been, Eichmann was a member of three of the organisations that had been declared criminal at the, Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Eichmann Refused to Admit Guilt in Last-ditch Bid for Clemency", "Long-lost Recordings of Eichmann Confessing to the Final Solution Revealed", "SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (Retired): 'Eichmann Before Jerusalem,' by Bettina Stangneth", "Fifty Years After: A Critical Look at the Eichmann Trial", "Why Israel's Capture of Eichmann Caused Panic at the CIA", "Sleepwalker: Arendt, Thoughtlessness, and the Question of Little Eichmanns", "The long-lost Adolf Eichmann recordings shown in new documentary", "Ben-Gurion's bombshell: 'We've caught Eichmann', "Wie Eichmann vom sterreicher zum Deutschen wurde", "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews", "Eichmann's final barb: 'I hope that all of you will follow me', "Hallaron pasaporte utilizado por Adolf Eichmann: ser conservado en el Museo del Holocausto de Buenos Aires", "Pardon Plea by Adolf Eichmann, Nazi War Criminal, Is Made Public", "Nazi Tapes Provide a Chilling Sequel to the Eichmann Trial", "Testimony of Rudolf Hss testimony at the Nuremberg Trials, April 15, 1946", "The trial of Adolf Eichmann and the protection of universal human rights under international law", "The Wannsee Conference in the Development of the 'Final Solution', "The Eichmann Case and the Distortion of History", "Eichmann's son: 'There is no way I can explain' deeds", "Ex-Mossad Agent: We Let Nazi Doctor Mengele Get Away", "Holocaust organizer sought clemency, saying he was 'mere instrument', "Israel Supreme Court Names Justices to Hear Eichmann's Appeal", "Israel to Pay Reward In Capture of Eichmann", "Special publication: Behind the scenes at the Eichmann Trial", "Wiesenthal Center Marks Eichmann Capture in Argentina Fifty Years Later", Uncovering the Architect of the Holocaust: The CIA Names File on Adolf Eichmann, "Eichmann Tells His Own Damning Story (Part I)", "Adolf Eichmann: The Mind of a War Criminal", List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Eichmann&oldid=1142642411, Escapees from United States military detention, German people convicted of crimes against humanity, People executed for crimes against humanity, Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 2nd class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, War Merit Cross, Second Class (With Swords), This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 15:50. [204] Eichmann's wife and brothers also wrote to Ben-Zvi requesting clemency. Hn jrjesti keskitysleireille lhetettvien ihmisten tunnistamisen ja kuljetukset. [13] He left without attaining a degree and joined his father's new enterprise, the Untersberg Mining Company, where he worked for several months. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. His family moved to Germany in 1920. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? [164] The defence team consisted of German lawyer Robert Servatius, legal assistant Dieter Wechtenbruch, and Eichmann himself. [27][28][e] Eichmann's transfer was granted in November 1934. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) The Life Summary of Otto Adolf. Eichmann, som uppndde tjnstegraden Obersturmbannfhrer (motsvarande versteljtnant inom armn) r 1941, var chef fr Amt IV:B4 inom Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Nazitysklands skerhetsministerium. [139] However, Mengele had already left his last known residence in the city, and Harel had no further leads, so the plans for his capture were abandoned. The letter was signed and dated: "Adolf Eichmann Jerusalem, May 29, 1962." Eichmann was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to death on Dec. 15, 1961. Horst Eichmann. Failed to remove flower. Eichmann's significant role as one of the architects of the "Final Solution" of Europe's Jews, began to emerge in the late forties. [89] During the Nuremberg Trials, Rudolf Hss, commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp, testified that Himmler had told Hss to receive all operational instructions for the implementation of the Final Solution from Eichmann. He announced plans to create a reservation in the General Government (the portion of Poland not incorporated into the Reich), where Jews and others deemed undesirable would await further deportation. Ricardo Eichmann was born near Buenos Aires in 1955. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. Adolf Eichmann was born in Solingen in the Rhine Province of Germany on March 19, 1905. [40] Eichmann and Hagen attempted to return to Palestine a few days later, but were denied entry after the British authorities refused them the required visas. - Died 31-05-1962, hanged, age 56, Ramia, Israel. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. [48] After discussions with Hitler in the preceding weeks, on 21 September SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, head of the SD, advised his staff that Jews were to be collected into cities in Poland with good rail links to facilitate their expulsion from territories controlled by Germany, starting with areas that had been incorporated into the Reich. [156] Using documents provided primarily by Yad Vashem and Nazi hunter Tuviah Friedman, Less was often able to determine when Eichmann was lying or being evasive. He returned to Berlin, where he arranged for the incriminating records of Department IV-B4 to be burned. [189] Eichmann admitted to not liking the Jews and viewing them as adversaries, but stated that he never thought their annihilation was justified. The case is still fresh in many people's minds, 50 years. [67] On 31 July, Gring gave Heydrich written authorisation to prepare and submit a plan for a "total solution of the Jewish question" in all territories under German control and to co-ordinate the participation of all involved government organisations. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Horst Adolf Eichmann I found on Findagrave.com. [52][51] Many of the deportees were driven by the SS into Soviet-occupied territory and others were eventually placed in a nearby labour camp. Born in Solingen, Germany, in 1906, Adolf Eichmann was the son of a moderately successful Austrian businessman and industrialist. Search above to list available cemeteries. Try again later. [143] There was a tense delay at the airport while the flight plan was approved, then the plane took off for Israel, stopping in Dakar, Senegal to refuel. [72] Around this time, Eichmann was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (lieutenant colonel), the highest rank he achieved. [131] Mossad operative Rafi Eitan was named leader of the eight-man team, most of whom were Shin Bet agents. Now they are touring the U.S. in a traveling exhibition about the Mossad's legendary capture of Nazi officer Adolf Eichmann. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He even learned a smattering of Hebrew and Yiddish, gaining a reputation as a specialist in Zionist and Jewish matters. When Otto Adolf Eichmann was born on 19 March 1906, in Dsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, his father, Karl Adolf Eichmann, was 30 and his mother, Maria Schefferling, was 31. [c] The trial was widely followed in the media and was later the subject of several books, including Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem, in which Arendt coined the phrase "the banality of evil" to describe Eichmann.