For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's reign He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. Their main aim was money. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". [36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. An easy read? Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The last few years of his reign were ones of repression. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Early life He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. Up to a point, he succeeded. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. 1845. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. Henry VII Facts, Information & Biography - Tudor Monarchs - English History From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. Backdating Henry's Reign. It was no easy feat. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on the Field of Cloth As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. [17] Now supported by Francis II's prime minister, Pierre Landais, Richard III attempted to extradite Henry from Brittany, but Henry escaped to France. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. Together, they had seven children. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Henry VII: Winter King, BBC Two, review - The Telegraph They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me. Old rivalries simmered, however. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. 1509. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. After the Holy Roman Emperor . Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. His spies and informers were everywhere. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. Get help and learn more about the design. Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Henry IV had confirmed Richard IIs legitimation (1397) of the children of this union but had specifically excluded the Beauforts from any claim to the throne (1407). Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. Please check your email to confirm your subscription.
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