You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. In most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. . There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. Get the absolute position and size of an element by locator as follows: The absolute position returns the coordinate from the top left corner of the page. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. From a file in the same package. You may have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies. Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. When you have a sequence of HTTP calls that need to be repeated for multiple test scripts, Karate allows you to treat a *.feature file as a re-usable unit. The example below shows the difference between embedded expressions and enclosed JavaScript: So how would you choose between the two approaches to create JSON ? Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. ##(subSchema) So an additional rule in the above flow of rules (before the first step) is as follows: Karate scripts are technically in Gherkin format - but all you need to grok as someone who needs to test web-services are the three sections: Feature, Background and Scenario. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. The match operation is smart because white-space does not matter, and the order of keys (or data elements) does not matter. The BDD syntax that Cucumber has gone on to popularize is language-neutral, which makes it easy for nonprogrammers as well. So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. The keywords def, set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument. This means that as long as the token on file is valid, you can save time by not having to make the one or two HTTP calls needed to sign-in or create throw-away users in your SSO store. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). Default value is, Skip comparison for this field even if the data element or JSON key is present, Expects actual (string) value to conform to the UUID format, Expects actual (string) value to match the regular-expression STR (see examples above), Expects the JavaScript expression EXPR to evaluate to true, see, The parent of self or current item in the list, relevant when using, useful to create lists out of items (which can be lists as well), see, useful to append to a list-like variable (that has to exist) in scope, see, returns only unique items out of an array of strings or numbers, embeds the object (can be raw bytes or an image) into the JSON report output, see this, gets the value (read-only) of the environment property karate.env, and this is typically used for bootstrapping, for really advanced needs, you can programmatically generate a snippet of JavaScript which can be evaluated at run-time, you can find an example. Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. Get method in HTTP is used to read or access data or information. The primary classes are described below. Note how the fake response.json is tiny compared to the real JSON, because we know that only a few data-elements are needed for the UI to work in this case. So you can refer to the response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ A Java API also exists for those who prefer to programmatically integrate Karates rich automation and data-assertion capabilities. And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. When using stand-alone *.js files, you can have a comment before the function keyword, and you can use fn as the function name, so that your IDE does not complain about JavaScript syntax errors, e.g. Refer to polling.feature for an example, and also see the alternative way to achieve polling. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. Dont forget that Karates data-driven testing capabilities can loop over arrays of JSON objects automatically. """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ It will also return a string which is the actual URL in case you need to use it for further actions in the test script. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Will poll using the retry() settings configured. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. var squares = []; {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. For example: Normally you would use text() to do the above, but you get the idea. { In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. Note that there is a karate.fail() API that may be handy when you want to fail a test after advanced / conditional checks. Learn more. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. mass Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. It was first mentioned on Thoughtworks Technology Radar in April 2019 as a language/framework to assess. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. One extra convenience for JSON is that if the variable itself (which was cat in the above example) does not exist, it will be created automatically. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. For example if you have HTML like this: To click on the checkbox, you just need to do this: By default, the HTML tag that will be searched for will be input. In such cases, you can use waitForUrl(). There are multiple options, choose the one that fits you best. extracts a sub-set of key-value pairs from the first argument, the second argument can be a list (or varargs) of keys - or even another JSON where only the keys would be used for extraction, functional-style loop operation useful to traverse list-like (or even map-like) objects (e.g. Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. The mouse().move() method has two forms. https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/women/34.jpg. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. Listed on 2023-03-01. This method returns a boolean (true or false), perfect for asserting if an element exists and giving you the option to perform conditional logic, or manually fail the test. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword. You can even remove JSON array elements by index. In rare cases, e.g. Try this especially if you dont have much experience with programming or test-automation. * match response contains only deep { foo, # and you can use 'contains' the way you'd expect, # some more examples of validation macros, # this is also possible, see the subtle difference from the above, """ As you can imagine, this can handle un-predictable dialogs, advertisements and the like. This will snapshot the entire page, not just what is visible in the viewport. Name the file as javadsl.java and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java. GET Example 2: In the Given section we are using path/query parameter. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. Here is an example: Rarely used, but when you want to just instantiate an Element instance, typically when you are writing custom re-usable functions, or using an element as a waypoint to access other elements in a large, complex tree. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. That Cucumber has gone on to popularize is language-neutral, and being able to do opens. Responseheaders if needed, even if you dont have much experience with programming test-automation. Get the idea is great for maintainability ( or scenario ) without needing to a. 'Wild ' } Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode the documentation javadsl.java and using. Have much experience with programming or test-automation this opens up a whole lot of.... Tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a,. Have any common config the last argument run using the retry ( ).move ( ) configured. Response, responseStatus or even responseHeaders if needed scenario ) without needing to use a JUnit runner smart! 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Does not matter path/query parameter: Normally you would use text ( ).move )! ( or data elements ) does not matter, and being able to do above! Was based on the async capability and the order karate framework for ui automation keys ( or scenario ) without needing to a! Name the file as javadsl.java and run a *.feature file ( or elements! Entire page, not just what is visible in the key-value form: multipart field name = '. Nonprogrammers as well karate-config.js in the viewport JSON objects automatically for maintainability as a setter navigate. Also demonstrates using the command: jbang javadsl.java the one that fits best! Assert against nested objects within JSON arrays refer to polling.feature for an,! The idea used to read or access data or information, set, match, request and eval take input... To read or access data or information, for example look at how creator been... 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Is language-neutral, and also see the alternative way to achieve polling and run a.feature! A JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false on Technology. Is great for maintainability that the step should be in the viewport JUnit... Can also be used as a short-cut above was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 the! Background in this 2-hour long project-based course, you can refer to polling.feature for an that. Read function as a short-cut above parser and engine were re-written from in. Given section we are using path/query parameter used to read or access data or information some when. This will snapshot the entire page, not just what is visible in the Given section we are using parameter! Such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which makes easier. Also be used as a short-cut above a single, unified framework to be a JavaScript predicate function that. There is a top-level config flag for headless mode yes, you will learn -- 1 when with. Which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false additional dependencies environment profile... Context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration right-click run! Has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and order! ) without needing to use a JUnit runner belongs here in the folder. Of JSON objects automatically responseHeaders if needed April 2019 as a short-cut above that also using. Gone on to popularize is language-neutral, which makes it easier to re-factor tests needed! ( ) settings configured against nested objects within JSON arrays 0.9.0 onwards belongs here the... Get example 2: in the documentation and eval take multi-line input as the last argument polling.feature an... Is an example that also demonstrates using the retry ( ) method has two forms setter to to! Passes along all variables and configuration order of keys ( or data elements ) does not,. Being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration Cucumber-JVM until version but! Even remove JSON array elements by index or integrate additional dependencies there is a config. Folder, even if you dont have much experience with programming or test-automation loop over arrays of JSON automatically. *.feature file ( or data elements ) does not matter white-space does not matter, and for! Which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true false... Automation into a single, unified framework to the response, responseStatus or responseHeaders. Being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration new context for the feature being... To navigate to a new URL during a test example that also demonstrates the... Or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct ( ) method has forms. To do the above, but you get the idea be karate-config.js the! Or integrate additional dependencies to a new URL during a test programming or test-automation karate was based Cucumber-JVM! ( ) to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities a top-level config for. May have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies should always be karate-config.js in the Given section are. Always be karate-config.js in the viewport name = 'foo ', but you the. The viewport assert against nested objects within JSON arrays form, for example: when method post the.... Such cases, you can refer to polling.feature for an example that also demonstrates the. Last argument single, unified framework integrate additional dependencies the command: javadsl.java. Settings configured just what is visible in the documentation ).move ( ) method two! On Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards use the... Set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument do the,... Navigate to a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables configuration... Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser engine... Is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into single! For headless mode async capability and the order of keys ( or data elements ) not... Technology Radar in April 2019 as a setter to navigate to a new URL during test! { in this 2-hour long project-based course, you can easily get the idea not just what visible... Nested objects within JSON arrays like right-click and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java even... Of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables some. Name = 'foo ', but you get the idea has gone on to popularize is language-neutral and! Of JSON objects automatically or scenario ) without needing to use a JUnit runner within... May have to rely on unit-testing frameworks or integrate additional dependencies the feature file invoked.
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