[220] Despite some records being posted by consulted agencies such as the EPA, the State Department has not responded to the request. [114] By 2011, Koch Industries refined 25% of all crude oil imported into the United States. [68] An Angus Reed Institute poll published that week showed that 48% of Canadians supported the revival of the Keystone XL pipeline project. We will close our reservation borders to Keystone XL. [60] The Senate had passed it 6236 on January 29,[61] and the House approved it 270152 on February 11. State Disclosures. But the groundswell of public protest was up against a formidable opponenthundreds of millions spent on lobbying by the fossil fuel industry. When that failedthanks to a lawsuit brought by NRDC and other groupsTrump reissued the cross-border permit himself. [160][161][162] These numbers have been disputed by an independent study conducted by the Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute, which found that while the Keystone XL would result in 2,500 to 4,650 temporary construction jobs, the impact will be reduced by higher oil prices in the Midwest, which will likely reduce national employment. CVR alleged that the final tolls for the Canadian segment of the pipeline were 146% higher than initially presented, while the tolls for the U.S. segment were 92% higher. [16] The Keystone XL Pipeline Project (Phase IV) revised proposal in 2012 consists of a new 36-inch (910mm) pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta, through Montana and South Dakota to Steele City, Nebraska, to "transport of up to 830,000 barrels per day (132,000m3/d) of crude oil from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta, Canada, and from the Williston Basin (Bakken) region in Montana and North Dakota, primarily to refineries in the Gulf Coast area". This is a debate about whether you want to get your oil from Canada or Venezuela or Nigeria. [28], The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included 1,744 kilometres (1,084mi) of new, 30-inch-diameter (760mm) pipeline in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. [63] [3], The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration began an investigation into the leak. From here, it will be sent to different overseas markets. [102], As of 2008, certain parties who agreed to make volume commitments to the Keystone expansion had the option to acquire up to a combined 15% equity ownership,[30] which included Valero Energy Corporation[103] and Hogshead Spouter Co.[104], This 3,456-kilometre-long (2,147mi) pipeline runs from Hardisty, Alberta, to the junction at Steele City, Nebraska, and on to the Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois, and Patoka Oil Terminal Hub (tank farm) north of Patoka, Illinois. Since it first went into operation in 2010, TC Energys original Keystone Pipeline System has leaked more than a dozen times; one incident in North Dakota sent a 60-foot, 21,000-gallon geyser of tar sands oil spewing into the air. [26][27], Operating since 2010, the original Keystone Pipeline System is a 3,461-kilometre (2,151mi) pipeline delivering Canadian crude oil to U.S. Midwest markets and Cushing, Oklahoma. The House Energy and Commerce Committee's chairman at the time, Representative Henry Waxman, had also urged the State Department to block Keystone XL for greenhouse gas emission reasons. [49] A 9,700 barrels (1,540m3) leak occurred in Marshall County, South Dakota in November 2017. At the time the presidential cross-border permit was revoked, construction of the 1,120-mile Keystone XL segment was on track to be completed in 2022, with operations starting in early 2023. The Alberta government placed a $30,000 ad entitled "Keystone XL: The Choice of Reason" in. [168] After completion of the Keystone XL line, oil pipelines to the U.S. may run nearly half-empty. The revoked permit became the final nail in the pipelines coffin. This dirty, dangerous oil, which is almost impossible to clean and affects the health of people, is bad news for our countryand the planet. On June 9, 2021, TC Energy abandoned plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline. The President said in Cushing, Oklahoma, on March 22, "Today, I'm directing my administration to cut through the red tape, break through the bureaucratic hurdles, and make this project a priority, to go ahead and get it done. This is why the government has failed to consider some important frontiers of public safety, climate change, and job security for Americans with this project. [236][237], In April 2018, Reuters reviewed documents that showed that Keystone had "leaked substantially more oil, and more often, in the United States than the company indicated to regulators in risk assessments before operations began in 2010. On June 15, 2015 the House Oversight Committee threatened to subpoena the State Department for the latter's withholding of records relevant to the process since March 2015 and calling the process "unnecessarily secretive". [270] However, according to industries, the Seaway line alone is not enough for oil transportation to the Gulf Coast. [274], In April 2013, it was learned that the government of Alberta was investigating, as an alternative to the pipeline south through the United States, a shorter all-Canadian pipeline north to the Arctic coast, from where the oil would be taken by tanker ships through the Arctic Ocean to markets in Asia and Europe[275] and in August, TransCanada announced a new proposal to create a longer all-Canada pipeline, called Energy East, that would extend as far east as the port city of Saint John, New Brunswick, at the same time providing feedstock to refineries in Montreal, Quebec City, and Saint John. [230][235] In April 2018, a federal investigation found that 408,000 US gallons (1,540m3) of crude had spilled at the site, almost twice what TransCanada had reported. An astonishing number of people in America are unaware of different keystone pipeline facts and myths. Its nasty stuff., A fully realized Keystone XL would have led to more mining of that nasty stuff by accelerating the pace at which its produced and transported. In 2011, Russ Girling, president and CEO of TransCanada, touted the positive impact of the project as "putting 20,000US workers to work and spending $7billion stimulating the US economy", according to a report they commissioned. Complicating matters, leaks can be difficult to detect. The Keystone XL pipeline extension, proposed by TC Energy (then TransCanada) in 2008, was initially designed to transport the planets dirtiest fossil fuel, tar sands oil, to marketand fast. Opposition outside the courts was swift and strong as well. Fact: The main reason why TransCanada is pulling out every single card on this project is that its the only way for this company to explore overseas markets. [53], On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest. But environmental reviews by both the Obama and Trump administrations concluded that the Keystone XL pipeline would not have lowered gasoline prices. When industry-friendly politicians took charge of both congressional houses in January 2015, their first order of business was to pass a bill to speed up approval of Keystone XL. [228][229], In 2016, about 400 barrels (64m3) were released from the original Keystone pipe network via leaks, which federal investigators said resulted from a "weld anomaly". Keystone XL Pipeline, Gas Prices, and Oil Exports, Keystone XL Pipeline Environmental Impact, Keystone XL Pipeline Controversy and False Claims, President Trump and the Keystone XL Pipeline, President Biden and the End of the Keystone XL Pipeline, officially abandoned the project in June 2021, tar sands oil spill in Kalamazoo River, Michigan, Its mines are a blight on Canadas boreal, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, Farmers, ranchers, tribes, and conservation groups, abandoning its plans for building the pipeline, Ghost Pipelines: How Landowners Suffer, Long After a Project Gets Canceled, The Future Has Spoken: Its Time to Shut Down DAPL and Stop Line 3, Battered by Floods, Nebraskans Worry About Pipeline Spills, 2018 Wasnt a Completely Horrible Year for the Environment, A Rubber Stamp on Keystone XL? [51][76][needs update], In November 2018, U.S. District Judge Brian Morris (District of Montana) enjoined construction of the pipeline and vacated the new permit because the policy reversal violated the Administrative Procedure Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Endangered Species Act. Keystone XL would have crossed agriculturally important and environmentally sensitive areas, including hundreds of rivers, streams, aquifers, and water bodies. What some pipeline advocates think is the "Keystone Pipeline" is a 1,700-mile "shortcut" called Keystone XL, or KXL. [184], In the year before the 2012 United States presidential election, McKibben and other activists mounted pressure on then-President Obama, who was running for re-election. Keystone Pipeline, Gas Prices, and Oil Exports Dirty energy lobbyists claimed developing tar sands would protect our national energy security and bring U.S. fuel prices down. [135] In his book The Pipeline and the Paradigm, Samuel Avery quotes landowner David Daniel in Texas, who claims that TransCanada illegally seized his land via eminent domain by claiming to be a public utility rather than a private firm. Upon entering office, President Trumpwith his pro-polluter cabinet of fossil fuel advocates, billionaires, and bankersquickly demonstrated that his priorities differed. seq., the Corps' issuance of the permits was arbitrary and capricious and an abuse of discretion. United States Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors Office of Inspector General Office of Audits. keep you informed with the latest alerts and progress reports. [128] Earl Hatley, an environmental activist who has worked with Native American tribes[129] has expressed concern about the environmental and public health impact on Native Americans. [109], Since 2010, there were concerns that a pipeline spill could threaten the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world's largest fresh water reserves. The first, a southern leg, had already been completed and now runs between Cushing, Oklahoma, and Port Arthur, Texas. The expected lack of volume combined with extensive construction cost overruns has prompted several petroleum refining companies to sue TransCanada. This is why we fight[134] further explains the relationship with the Oceti Sakowin Tribe by referring to the environment as Mother Earth when resisting the Keystone Pipeline. For example, in 2020, Teck Resources withdrew its 10-year application to build the largest tar sands mine in history, citing growing concern surrounding climate change in global markets. The projects corporate backerthe Canadian energy infrastructure company TC Energyofficially abandoned the project in June 2021 following President Joe Bidens denial of a key permit on his first day in office. TOPEKA, Kan. (AP) An oil spill in a creek in northeastern Kansas shut down a major pipeline that carries oil from Canada to the Texas Gulf Coast, briefly . [278], In September 2009, independent refiner CVR sued TransCanada for Keystone Pipeline tolls seeking $250million damage compensation or release from transportation agreements. Permit for Keystone XL Pipeline", "Expert Warns That TransCanada's Keystone XL Pipeline Assessments Are Misleading", "Keystone XL Pipeline Safety Standards Not as Rigorous as They Seem", "Gov. [65], On November 6, 2015, the Obama administration rejected the Keystone XL pipeline project, citing economic and environmental concerns. The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC EnergyAs of March 2020, the Government of Alberta. In various independent studies based on the future economics of the KXL project, it has been found that these claims of generating millions of dollars by TransCanada are a plot to get support for this project. Doer said that all the evidence supports a favorable decision by the US government for the controversial pipeline.[150]. [64], On November 3, 2015, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry issued a determination that the project was not in the public interest. [156], TransCanada's Girling has also argued that if Canadian oil doesn't reach the Gulf through an environmentally friendly buried pipeline, that the alternative is oil that will be brought in by tanker, a mode of transportation that produces higher greenhouse-gas emissions and that puts the environment at greater risk. The Keystone XL pipeline, which would have expanded an existing system transporting oil from Canada to the Gulf Coast, has been a political and environmental battleground since its conception. Dirty energy lobbyists claimed developing tar sands would protect our national energy security and bring U.S. fuel prices down. The truth is Keystone 1 project has failed to achieve its targets and is, in fact, nowhere around what the company promised during its initial stage. However, people, environmental activities, and organizations working on climate change strongly oppose this project. In may of 2019, the Sioux Nation held their own public hearing for native, and non-native people to voice their concerns about the Keystone Pipeline. Fact: While American Petroleum Institute has stated that this project will create jobs for over half a million American people, the truth is these are all false claims. [64], In October 2011, The New York Times questioned the impartiality of the environmental analysis of the pipeline done by Cardno Entrix, an environmental contractor based in Houston. [notes 1][25] Phase III was opened on January 22, 2014, completing the pipeline path from Hardisty, Alberta to Nederland, Texas. But Nebraskas got a slew of public hearings on the calendar, and legal challenges loom large. [169], In 2013, United States Democrats were concerned that Keystone XL would not provide petroleum products for domestic use, but simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to American coastal ports on the Gulf of Mexico for export to China and other countries. [6] The Environmental Protection Agency built an earthen dam to contain the spill. [citation needed], From January 2018 through December 31, 2019, Keystone XL development costs were $1.5 billion. It also states that the project will increase the heavy crude oil price in the Midwestern United States by diverting oil sands oil from the Midwest refineries to the Gulf Coast and export markets. And these exports are more than 10 times the capacity of the proposed Keystone XL pipeline. The . "[176], A USA Today editorial pointed out that the 2013 Lac-Mgantic derailment in Quebec, in which crude oil carried by rail cars exploded and killed 47 people,[178] highlights the safety of pipelines compared to truck or rail transport. The application was granted consideration. [29] It also involved construction of 23pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. Reporters still fumbling numbers in wake of pipeline's rejection", "Keystone pipeline: How many jobs really at stake? They accuse TransCanada of misleading them when they signed shipping contracts in the summer of 2007. [8], The leak raised concerns from environmentalists due to the transfer of tar sands through the pipeline, which are more toxic than crude oil and can sink in water. [257] EPA concluded that due to the current relatively cheap cost of oil, companies might be less likely to set up their own developments in the oil sands. The only group identified by the Pew poll with less than majority support for the pipeline was among those Democrats who identified themselves as liberal (41% in favor versus 54% opposed).[261]. [272] TransCanada said that work on that section of the pipeline could start in June 2012[273] and be on-line by the middle to late 2013. This story was originally published on April 7, 2017, and has been updated with new information and links. [151], Proponents for the Keystone XL pipeline argue that it would allow the U.S. to increase its energy security and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. [29] Later that year, TransCanada began the process of becoming the sole owner of the pipeline. [245] On June 23, 2010, 50Democrats in Congress in their letter to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned that "building this pipeline has the potential to undermine America's clean energy future and international leadership on climate change", referencing the higher input quantity of fossil fuels necessary to take the tar and turn it into a usable fuel product in comparison to other conventionally derived fossil fuels. [70] The order would expedite the environmental review, which Trump described as an "incredibly cumbersome, long, horrible permitting process. ", "Keystone XL Clears Hurdle In South Dakota", Pipe dreams? [231] For much of late 2017, the Keystone pipeline operated at reduced pressure during remediation efforts. [38], In September 2009, the NEB replaced in 2019 by the Canadian Energy Regulator (CER) started hearings. On May 28, 2020, the United States Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit denied a motion to stay the District Judge's ruling. [216], In May 2013 Republicans in the House of Representatives defended the Northern Route Approval Act, which would allow for congressional approval of the pipeline, on the grounds that the pipeline created jobs and energy independence. Dallas Goldtooths article, Keystone XL would destroy our native lands. [203], On November 30, 2011, a group of Republican senators introduced legislation aimed at forcing the Obama administration to make a decision within 60days. [33] On September 21, 2007, the National Energy Board of Canada approved the construction of the Canadian section of the pipeline, including converting a portion of TransCanada's Canadian Mainline gas pipeline to crude oil pipeline, on September 21, 2007. [276], The Enbridge "Alberta Clipper" expansion of the existing cross-border Line 67 pipeline has been continuing since late 2013. Obama had included a call to "be the generation that finally frees America from the tyranny of oil" in his 2008 United States presidential election. [69], In mid-2016, a lateral pipeline to refineries at Houston, Texas and a terminal was completed, and was online in 2017. At the time of the poll, only 17% of Democrats favored the pipeline. However, experts suggested that this will increase Americas reliance on oil only and ultimately reduce efforts towards renewable and sustainable energy options. Yes, Trump has green-lighted the controversial Keystone XL pipeline. [30] The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$5.2 billion. We are a sovereign nation, and we are not being treated as such. [83], In August 2019, the Nebraska Supreme Court affirmed the Nebraska Public Service Commission's approval of TransCanada's pipeline application. Nevertheless, in the mid-2000s, with gas prices on the rise, oil companies ramped up production and sought additional ways to move their product from Canadas remote tar sands fields to midwestern and Gulf Coast refineries. Council, ET AL", "Biden nixes Keystone XL permit, halts Arctic refuge leasing", "Fact Check-Though Keystone XL Pipeline had secured most of its funding, it was only 8% constructed", "A look at the history of the Keystone XL pipeline expansion", "TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Begin in Spring", "TransCanada begins Keystone pipeline in Texas", "The politics of pipe: Keystone's troubled route", Media Notes on Keystone XL Pipeline Project Review Process: Decision to Seek Additional Information, Level IV Ecoregions of Kansas and Nebraska, "Alberta to pursue compensation through NAFTA for U.S. decision on Keystone XL, Kenney says", "Keystone XL Pipeline Obtains Enough Shipper Commitments to Proceed", "Premier Jason Kenney to respond after Keystone XL permit revoked by executive action", "Koch Brothers Positioned To Be Big Winners If Keystone XL Pipeline Is Approved", "Koch company declared 'substantial interest' in Keystone XL pipeline", "Reps. Waxman and Rush Urge Committee to Request Documents from Koch Industries Regarding Keystone XL Pipeline", "Statement by the President on the Keystone XL Pipeline", "Keystone XL pipeline rejection signals US taking lead on climate change fight", "Cohen: Inspector General Report on Keystone XL Pipeline Raises Serious Concerns About Permit Process", "Keystone pipeline decision faces special U.S. review | CBC News", "Hillary Clinton opposes Keystone XL pipeline", "Trump seeks to revive Dakota Access, Keystone XL oil pipelines", "Keystone XL Pipeline and Indigenous Peoples", "First Nations and Native American Leaders Arrested In Front Of White House To Protest Keystone XL Pipeline", "Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission for a Permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline Under the Energy Conversion and Transmission Facility Act", "A Study of Water and Sediment Quality as Related to Public Health Issues", "Earl Hatley: Portrait of an Oklahoma activist", "Community, Aboriginal and Native American Relations", "The Great Sioux Nation v. the "Black Snake": Native American Rights and the Keystone XL Pipeline", "Keystone XL would destroy our Native lands. In addition, TransCanada has submitted a secret document to the Canadian government that states that the KXL pipeline will cause a hike in gas prices in the Midwest. [227], The main issues are the risk of oil spills along the pipeline, which would traverse highly sensitive terrain, and 17% higher greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of oil sands compared to extraction of conventional oil. Cushing is a major crude oil marketing/refining and pipeline hub. By that point, Keystone XL faced an unfriendly administration, numerous legal challenges, declining oil prices, worsening climate impacts, and a growing movement of climate organizersalong the pipelines route and around the worldunwilling to look the other way. The Natural Resources Defense Council works to safeguard the earth - its people, Other items of note in Stansbury's analysis: Portions of the pipeline will also cross an active seismic zone that had a 4.3-magnitude earthquake as recently as 2002. [258] The EPA suggested that the State Department should "revisit" its prior conclusions in light of the drop in oil prices. [40] Later that year, the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission granted a permit to proceed. But immediately after taking office, President Donald Trump brought the zombie project back to life, along with the legal battles against it. In April 2013, TransCanada Corporation changed the original proposed route of Keystone XL to minimize "disturbance of land, water resources and special areas"; the new route was approved by Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman in January 2013. Council v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, "Keystone XL Pipeline Stays Blocked in U.S. Supreme Court Order", "Order in Pending Case: Army Corps of Engineers, ET AL. 2022 they are producing almost 12 million . Pipeline spills are not just an environmental concern. Its a pipeline through America, and it threatens to be a disaster for us if it leaks poisons on the way. Leading scientists and economists came out in opposition to the project, in addition to unions and world leaders such as the Dalai Lama, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and former president Jimmy Carter (together, these and other Nobel laureates have written letters against the project). [201] Critics say that a major leak could ruin drinking water and devastate the mid-western U.S. Heres everything you need to know about the historic KXL fightand why the pipelines cancellation has had no impact on current oil prices. Meet some of the people who are striving to stop TransCanadas dirty tar sands oil pipeline once and for all. In November 2017, the Nebraska Public Service Commission approved (32) the construction of the pipeline, albeit through an alternative route which is longer, but deemed to have the least environmental impact compared to two other routes that were considered. Seven out of nine counties in South Dakota will see their property tax base increase by more than 10 percent, with some much higher. Looking at the spills incidents that happened in the past few years, the answer is a resounding yes. Finally, there are hardly any requirements on how these pipelines should be constructed and maintained to ensure safety. February 2012. [230], On November 17, 2017, the pipeline leaked around 9,600 barrels (1,530m3)[231] onto farmland near Amherst, South Dakota. Its mines are a blight on Canadas boreal, where mining operations dig up and flatten forests to access the oil below, destroying wildlife habitat and one of the worlds largest carbon sinks. government has inclined towards supporting this project. If completed, the Keystone XL would have added 510,000 barrels (81,000m3) per day increasing the total capacity up to 1.1million barrels (170,000m3) per day. [146], Commentator Bill Mann has linked the Keystone postponement to the Michigan Senate's rejection of Canadian funding for the proposed Gordie Howe International Bridge and to other recent instances of "U.S. government actions (and inactions) that show little concern about Canadian concerns". [149], During the 2014 Pacific Northwest Economic Region Summit in Whistler, B.C., Canada's US Ambassador Gary Doer stated that there is no proof, be it environmental, economic, safety or scientific, that construction work on Keystone XL should not go ahead. It appears that the government review process for Keystone XL has been completely fair. Leaks and spills from Keystone XL and other tar sands and conventional crude pipelines could put existing jobs at risk. ET Recently, a leak in the Keystone Pipeline caused thousands of barrels of oil to spill into a creek in Kansas, causing immense environmental damage. [140] In August 2014, a study was published that concluded the pipeline could produce up to 4 times more global warming pollution than the State Department's study indicated. On his fourth day in office, Trump signed an executive order to allow Keystone XL to move forward. Initially, President Obama put this project on hold, but Donald Trump turned it and gave it a green flag. Also Read: 50+ Hidden Harriet Tubman Facts For Kids. We will A study published in early 2020, co-authored by TC Energys own scientists, found that the anti-corrosion coating on the projects pipes was damaged from being stored outside and exposed to the elements for the last decade, notes NRDC senior attorney Jaclyn Prange, who spent years working on KXL litigation. Cindy S. Woods, The Great Sioux Nation V. The Black Snake: Native American Rights and the Keystone XL Pipeline. U.S. Energy . What some pipeline advocates think is the "Keystone Pipeline" is a 1,700-mile "shortcut" called Keystone XL, or KXL. US oil prices rose about 4% the following day following news of the leak and shutdown. [55][56] [79], In March 2019, Trump revoked the prior permit and himself directly issued a new permit for the pipeline. [1][2][3], The Keystone Pipeline System spans from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Texas. Whats more, the whole process of getting the oil out and making it usable creates three to four times the carbon pollution of conventional crude extraction and processing. Nation Dec 11, 2022 3:29 PM EST. [224] However, while TransCanada had asserted that a set of 57conditions will ensure Keystone XL's safe operation, Anthony Swift of the Natural Resources Defense Council asserted that all but a few of these conditions simply restate current minimum standards. [112], On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office. As per the analysis report conducted by Cornell Universitys Global Labor Institute, these job claims are nothing but mere fabrications. The pipeline threat is gone, but the damage to their property and lives is already done. A view of the land repair work underway at site of an oil spill from Keystone Pipeline, located north of Washington, Kansas, Dec. 15, 2022. [31]:5[101] The pipeline system was originally developed as a partnership between TransCanada and ConocoPhillips, but TransCanada announced plans to buy ConocoPhillips' interest in Keystone in June 2009. Pipeline spills can also result in significant economic and employment costs, although the systematic tracking of the social, health, and economic impacts of pipeline spills is not required by law. NRDC advocates were part of a broad coalition that helped stop Keystone XLfor good. The oil flow was stopped on Wednesday, December 7 just seven minutes after a leak was discovered. . 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Prompted several petroleum refining companies to sue TransCanada at risk 17 % of all crude oil into. Aquifers, and water bodies hundreds of rivers, streams, aquifers and... And it threatens to be a disaster for US if it leaks poisons on the calendar and... His pro-polluter cabinet of fossil fuel advocates, billionaires, and Port,...
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