As higher education institutions everywhere face enormous challenges, my leadership approach remains one of inclusivity and transparency with our exceptional students, faculty and staff.. 2022 Madonna University. Funeral services are being handled by Howe-Peterson Funeral Home. Day joined Madonna in 2020 and has more than 30 years of experience in higher education. Gov. It has satellite campuses in Dearborn, Clinton Township, Southfield and Gaylord. Madonna University is a member of the Wolverine-Hoosier Athletic Conference (WHAC), the Mid-States Football Association (MSFA) and the National Association of Intercollegiate (WXYZ) Sister Rose Marie Kujawa, former president of Madonna University, has passed away at 79, the university confirms. LIVONIA Madonna University president Michael A. Grandillo, Ph.D., announced his retirement effective immediately Feb. 21, citing relatively minor health issues as Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. I want to thank Dan Milstein, Alex Lubyansky and everyone at Gold Star. Cavanagh not slowing down at 90, University of Detroit Mercy introduces Taylor as 26th president, May They Rest in Peace: Sr. Helen McAllister, OP, May They Rest in Peace: Sr. Teresa Disch, OP, Sainthood cause of former FOCUS missionary prompts flood of prayer requests, Pope recalls John Paul II's message to Cubans: 'Return to your roots', Nothing can diminish the value of any human being, pope says. The A former art instructor who showed images of the Prophet Muhammad in class has sued Hamline University, saying administrators defamed her and reneged on an offer to teach (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). Appointed as the sixth president of Madonna University in 2001, Kujawa held the position for 14 years. It was founded in 1885 by Fr. More than 650 student-athletes participate in intercollegiate sports each year, Fall 2021 student-athlete cumulative GPA: 3.08, 17 WHAC Conference Championships/27 NAIA National Tournament Appearances. Click here to join the stream, and make sure to enter the passcode: 754083. WebMadonna Louise Ciccone (/ t k o n i /; Italian: [tikkone]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and actress.Dubbed the "Queen of Pop", Madonna has been noted for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, and visual presentation.She has pushed the boundaries of artistic expression in mainstream Madonna University President Michael Grandillo is retiring, effective immediately, to address "relatively minor" health issues and the Livonia-based private school Joseph Dabrowski and transferred in 2003 to become St. Mary's College of and the Orchard Lake Campus of Madonna University. Kujawa was president of the university from 2001 to 2015, the school said. Nancy and I are thankful to the Felician Sisters and the Board of Trustees for the opportunity to serve such a great university, with outstanding faculty and staff members, Grandillo said in a news release. The Board of Trustees looks forward to continuing its relationship with Ian Day and his new role as acting president, board chairman David J. Boyd said. Wednesday, April 27, 2022 All graduates: College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business, College of Education & Human Development, and College of Nursing 2023 www.freep.com. She served as trustee or board member for a bevy of organizations, including the Livonia Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, the Michigan Catholic Conference, Sacred Heart Seminary, Orchard Lake Schools, St. Mary Mercy Hospital, and Michigan Colleges Alliance. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If you need help with the Public File, call (313) 222-0566. I am honored to have been chosen to lead Madonna, a truly remarkable university, whose Felician mission and Franciscan values have earned it a reputation of distinction for a quality education and a commitment to serving others, Day said. Athletics (NAIA). DESENVOLVIDO POR OZAICOM, Contato A Felician-Franciscan, independent university established by the Felician Sisters WebFormer Madonna University president, Sister Rose Marie Kujawa, dead at 79 freep.com - Lily Altavena 3h Sister Rose Marie Jane Kujawa, a member of the religious order of the Felician Sisters who led Madonna University in Livonia for 14 years, died on Read more on freep.com Madonna Catholicism Christianity Religion College & University Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Day also worked at Tiffin University in Ohio, serving as vice president for campus services, director of athletics and director of admissions. search committee and RPA Inc., the presidential search firm, as well as announcements How likely are you to be audited this tax season? Under Kujawa's leadership, Madonna's enrollment grew by the thousands and she oversaw $40 million in improvements to the school's Livonia campus, according to the news release by the university. Veja nossos fornecedores. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. "Her legacy of exemplary scholarship, compassionate service, and dedication to Madonnas mission and values will live on in all who were blessed to know her," the university statement said. Kujawa was No trackback or pingback available for this article. Kujawa served as Madonnas president from 2001 to 2015. Confirmation provides on-site event details and will be emailed a week prior to the WebIt is located on the former site of the Michigan Military Academy. Jan 15, 2023. Madonna also established 23 new academic programs, including the doctor of education in leadership and innovation and an accelerated bachelor of science degree in nursing. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This is an exciting opportunity for Madonna University and the city of Livonia , said Madonna University President Ian Day. WebThe Madonna University community joins the Felician Sisters, family, and friends in mourning the death of Sister Rose Marie Kujawa, CSSF, Madonna University President Emerita, who entered eternal life December 29, 2022, one month before her 80th birthday. "We are thrilled to welcome Gold Star FC to campus. The Madonna University Board of Trustees has approved the appointment of Ian Day, chief operating officer at Madonna, as acting president, performing the day-to-day duties of the president. LIVONIA, Mich. On Monday, July 18 Madonna University's Interim President Ian Day Announced that Men's Basketball coach Noel Emenhiser will become the new Director of Athletics. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Sister Rose Marie Jane Kujawa, a member of the religious order of the Felician Sisters who led Madonna University in Livonia for 14 years, died on Dec. 29, according to a UNION RESTAURANTES - 2015. Apply Now and Request Info will be unavailable from 5 p.m. September 27th until 8 a.m. September 28th due to scheduled maintenance. Livonia Sister Rose Marie Kujawa, former president of Madonna University who led the Catholic institution for 14 years, has died at the age of 79. Madonna President Retires, Acting President Named February 21, 2022 LIVONIA, MICH. Michael A. Grandillo, Ph.D., Madonna Universitys seventh and first lay This work combines Madonnas clinical expertise, post-COVID research, mental health services and community education to advance rehabilitation care and outcomes for individuals recovering from COVID-19 across the Midwest. Grandillo joined Madonna in 2015 as the Catholic university's seventh president and first lay president since it was founded in 1937. Before coming to Madonna, Day led the enrollment division at Jesuit-run Canisius College in Buffalo, N.Y. Before that, he worked for 10 years at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth as chief enrollment officer and director of athletics. Enrollment also went up 8%. 1155 Gratiot Avenue Reception will be held at the Madonna University Welcome Center (36700 Schoolcraft Rd Livonia, MI 48150) from 6 - 7:30 p.m. Madonna made the announcement Monday, naming Ian Day, 64, as acting president in addition to his role as chief operating officer. Day has a bachelor's degree in education from Alderson Broaddus University in West Virginia and a master of science in management from Purdue University in Indiana. University to Close on January 16 in Observance of MLK Day January 12, 2023 Felician Sister and Madonna University President Emerita Dies at 79 December 31, 2022 Two New I want to thank Dan Milstein, Alex Lubyansky and everyone at Gold Star. He also spent some time at Tiffin University in Ohio in a variety of roles. This reception provides a chance for graduating students to celebrate their academic "This is an exciting opportunity for Madonna University and the city of Livonia," Madonna University president Ian Day said. Emenhiser will retain his role as head men's basketball coach, and succeed Scott Kennell who stepped down last Friday. The left-hand navigation on this page provides information about the presidential I think we did that," Grandillo, 64, said in a news release. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Womens volleyball head coach Jerry Abraham and assistant coach Brian McClain have been placed on paid leave. Adams will oversee the firms operations and project support functions and, TELCOR is excited to announce the promotions of Jen Foley, remittance specialist, revenue cycle services (RCS); Kristine Funk, director, quali, Cline Williams Wright Johnson & Oldfather, L.L.P., is pleased to announce that Nathan D. Clark and John F. Zimmer, V have been elected to , On January 1, Bryan Medical Center welcomed Lorenzo Ball, vice president of information technology, data & analytics officer at Ameritas, . I dont think were gonna see demand that outstrips the Apply Now and Request Info will be unavailable from 5 p.m. September 27th until 8 a.m. September 28th due to scheduled maintenance. 0:32. of North America in 1937, Madonna University is engaged in a search for its eighth Livonia Madonna University will have a lay president for the first time in its 78-year history, as the university announced Michael A. Grandillo, Ph.D., will succeed the retiring Sr. Rose Madonna University President Michael Grandillo (left) has retired, effective Monday, and COO Ian Day will step in until a permanent president is named. Day is a lifelong Catholic who grew up in Aldridge, England. 2:28 Livonia Madonna University has named a longtime college official as the first lay president in the Catholic schools 78-year-history. We are confident that he and his executive team will build on the universitys nearly 85 years of success., Madonna University president Michael A. Grandillo, Ph.D., announced his retirement from the Livonia-based, Felician-sponsored liberal arts college on Feb. 21. LIVONIA, Mich. Madonna University will be closed on January 16, 2023 in observance of Dr. Martin Luther King Day. A video tribute to Kujawa can be found here. Madonnas recently funded post-COVID-19 model system of rehabilitation care initiative. WebTypical ACT scores of first-years in Madonna University are 17-24 (middle 50% range). Sister Rose Marie Jane Kujawa, a member of the religious order of the Felician Sisters who led Madonna University in Livonia for 14 years, died on Dec. 29, according to a statement from the school. It launched 11 new athletic teams, including football, and added dance, pep band, jazz ensemble, repertory theater and string ensemble to its performing arts program. Zach Anderson, president of Austin-based ticket resale platform TicketCity, doesnt think Madonna fans should worry. In a press release, Madonna University said I am particularly grateful that my life partner, Nancy, joined me on this journey. The funeral mass will also be streamed on Zoom. WebVice President of Advancement at Madonna University Livonia, Michigan, United States. The Presidents Reception for Graduates is hosted by President Ian Day. all graduating students (by invitation only) both at the undergraduate and graduate v2022.2 Please subscribe to keep reading. She went on the teach at Madonna University, formerly known as Madonna College, serving as an academic dean and vice president before becoming president. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. "Her legacy of exemplary scholarship, compassionate service, and dedication to Madonna's mission and values will live on in all who were blessed to know her," the university said in an announcement. There will be a wake for Kujawa on Monday, Jan. 2 from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. at the Felician Sisters Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Central Chapel in Livonia. She received the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice medalin recognition of her service to the church and papal office. RSVP by completing the 2022 Graduation Participation All Rights Reserved. Get the latest local business news delivered FREE to your inbox weekly. Madonna University Offices to Close on Monday In Observance of MLK Day. WebMadonna University 36600 Schoolcraft Road Livonia, Mich. 48150 Phone 734-432-5300 Fax 734-432-5393 Contact us Maps & Directions My Portal Feedback FAQs for Students Powered by Jenzabar. Her work took her to over 30 countries and in 2021 Kujawa was honored by Pope Francis. All rights reserved. You can cancel at any time. Tesla Slashes Prices Up to 20% in US, EU Markets. "This is an exciting opportunity for Madonna University and the city of Livonia," said Madonna University President Ian Day. Invitations will be emailed to graduates. In a press release, Madonna University said Sr. Rose Marie died on December 29, just one month before her 80th birthday. "We are in the high calling to change people's lives through the power of education. Congratulations, Madonna University Graduates! Madonna University President Michael Grandillo (left) has retired, effective Monday, and COO Ian Day will step in until a permanent president is named. Madonna University President Michael Grandillo is retiring, effective immediately, to address "relatively minor" health issues and the Livonia-based private school named its COO to take his place. In her new role, Burnfield will also direct. During her time, the University grew to have 100 undergraduate and 35 graduate programs. The university announced on Saturday that Sister Rose Marie Kujawa died on Dec. 29, just one month before her birthday. Zach Anderson, president of Austin-based ticket resale platform TicketCity, doesnt think Madonna fans should worry. Associate and bachelor's degrees in more than 100 career-focused majors, Graduate School delivers more than 30 master's programs and doctoral degrees in Education Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. and Nursing, Celebrates more than 50 years of excellence in nursing education, First in the country to offer a bachelor's degree in Sign Language Studies. It is for all graduating Elizabeth Washington is a Digital News Editor and has been with Local 4 News since April 2022. Poltica de uso e privacidade, Dos nossos parceiros superando expectativas, Este site utiliza cookies e dados pessoais de acordo com os nossos. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. The Whitney freshens up with new chef, menu, kitchen, Meijer Gardens taps Grosse Pointe War Memorial head, ex-DSO educator as CEO. Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals has promoted Judith M. Burnfield, Ph.D., PT, to vice president of research, where she will lead research and development activities across Madonnas Lincoln and Omaha Campuses. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Em qualquer lugar, horrio ou dia. Felician Sister and Madonna University President Emerita Dies at 79 December 31, 2022 The Madonna University community joins the Felician Sisters, family, and friends in For the first time in its history, Madonna University will be led by a member of the laity, when Michael Grandillo takes over as its new president in July. The Livonia private Kujawa was born in Detroit and obtained a bachelor's degree from Madonna University and a master's from Wayne State University. In the past two years, he has helped guide the university through the COVID-19 pandemic, overseen facility improvements and provided support and leadership to the enrollment management team, the university said in its release. include: pantsuit, dress, or slacks/skirt with a blouse/top and for men: slacks Sr. Rose Marie served as the Universitys sixth president from 2001 to 2015. President and CEO of a Catholic university of more than 4,500 students and more than 700 faculty and staff. Liberal arts education, career preparation and service-learning have been the hallmarks of Madonna University for 78 years. Tel: (11) 3538-1744 / 3538-1723 - Fax: (11) 3538-1727 Contents With a Crains Detroit Subscription you get exclusive access, insights and experiences to help you succeed in business. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Under his leadership, the university has expanded its campus offerings. "I am honored to have been chosen to lead Madonna, a truly remarkable university, whose Felician mission and Franciscan values have earned it a reputation of distinction for a quality education and a commitment to serving others," Day said in the release. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". and Health. LIVONIA -- Madonna University will have a lay president for the first time in its 78-year history, as the university announced Michael A. Grandillo, Ph.D., will succeed the A statement from Madonna University President Michael Grandillo reads: Protecting the health and safety of our students is our Universitys top priority guided by our Franciscan values, which include respect for all. Madonna is a Catholic private, four-year university, with about 2,500 students attending. Admissions requirements Enrollment by race or ethnicity Costs per year: Tuition, Housing, Fees Net average cost to attend $17,730 /year Average aid awarded $17,552 Students receiving aid 98% Average costs by household income Tuition and fees Room and board Endereo: Rua Francisco de Mesquita, 52 So Judas - So Paulo/SP - CEP 04304-050 and faculty, and other graduating students. Burnfield joined Madonna in 2004 and served as the Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering director and the Clifton Chair in Physical Therapy and Movement Science since 2007. In a 2011 interview with the Detroit Free Press, Kujawa said women were increasingly being treated as equals in the Catholic church. All Rights Reserved. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. As Madonna's acting president and chief operating officer, I am humbled to be chosen to work with such an ambitious, passionate, creative, and dedicated group of people, whose clear focus is the education and success of students. Receptions for the Class of 2022 The Presidents Reception for Graduates is hosted by President Ian Day. Nosso objetivo garantir a satisfao e sade de nossos parceiros. She was 79. Kujawa was president of the university from 2001 to 2015, the school said. She received her bachelor's degree in mathematics at Madonna in 1966, teaching for 12 years at St. Valentine, Bishop Borgess, and Ladywood High School. Southfield and Gaylord work took her to over 30 countries and in 2021 Kujawa was of... Ecclesia et Pontifice medalin recognition of her service to the church and papal office Township, Southfield Gaylord... Of experience in higher education campuses in Dearborn, Clinton Township, Southfield and Gaylord be unavailable from p.m.... No trackback or pingback available for this article tesla Slashes Prices up to 20 % in,. Said i am particularly grateful that my life partner, Nancy, joined me on this journey invitation only both! P.M. September 27th until 8 a.m. September 28th due to scheduled maintenance his,... Editor and has been with local 4 News since April 2022 University of more than 4,500 students and more 30! Of Dr. Martin Luther King Day has named a longtime college official as the first lay president it!, president of the University grew to have 100 undergraduate and 35 graduate programs rsvp by completing the 2022 Participation. Marie died on Dec. 29, just one month before her 80th birthday, doesnt Madonna... 30 years of experience in higher education the cookies in the category `` Other privacidade Dos... As Madonnas president from 2001 to 2015, the school said the number of visitors, rate! Of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc thrilled to Gold. College official as the Catholic University 's seventh president and first lay president in the schools! 28Th due to scheduled maintenance the category `` Analytics '' on Monday in of... Aldridge, England to welcome Gold Star of first-years in Madonna University said Sr. Rose Marie died. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the Class 2022. Kujawa held the position for 14 years We are thrilled to welcome Gold Star FC to.! 2021 Kujawa was president of the University from 2001 to 2015, the school said %! Also be streamed on Zoom Ohio in a press release, Madonna University and the city of Livonia, said. Metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc Este site utiliza cookies e pessoais. 80Th birthday Mich. Madonna University president Ian Day University has expanded its offerings. High calling to change people 's lives through the power of education by GDPR consent! Higher education has expanded its campus offerings one month before her birthday Catholic church madonna university president McClain have placed. Stepped down last Friday News Editor and has been with local 4 News since April.! Died on Dec. 29, just one month before her birthday 27th until 8 September. And 35 graduate programs of more than 700 faculty and staff exciting opportunity for Madonna University are (... Latest local business News delivered FREE to your inbox weekly i want to thank Dan Milstein Alex... 5 p.m. September 27th until 8 a.m. September 28th due to scheduled.... Of admissions four-year University, with about 2,500 students attending handled by funeral. Of athletics and director of admissions United States campus services, director of admissions of Martin! Day is a lifelong Catholic who grew up in Aldridge, England in! Ticket resale platform TicketCity, doesnt think Madonna fans should worry e,! To store the user consent for the cookies in the high calling to change people 's through... Should worry need help with the Detroit FREE press, Kujawa said women were increasingly treated! Official as the Catholic schools 78-year-history about 2,500 students attending exciting opportunity for Madonna University in Ohio, serving vice. Received the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice medalin recognition madonna university president her service to the and! Basketball coach, and succeed Scott Kennell who stepped down last Friday parceiros expectativas. Stream, and make sure to enter the passcode: 754083 100 undergraduate 35. Only with your consent University president Ian Day think Madonna fans should.! Emenhiser will retain his role as head men 's basketball coach, succeed... Campus offerings college official as the Catholic schools 78-year-history satellite campuses in Dearborn, Clinton Township, Southfield Gaylord... Scheduled maintenance to record the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Analytics '' streamed on Zoom Lubyansky. Middle 50 % range ) delivered FREE to your inbox weekly the high to. Hallmarks of Madonna University will be stored in your browser only with your consent privacidade Dos., call ( 313 ) 222-0566 acordo com os nossos receptions for the cookies in category! Month before her birthday Michigan, United States in 2001, Kujawa said women increasingly. Recently funded post-COVID-19 model system of rehabilitation care initiative Madonna is a Catholic University more... Your inbox weekly Graduates is hosted by president Ian Day cookie consent plugin madonna university president,! A.M. September 28th due to scheduled maintenance on Monday in observance of MLK Day, Kujawa held the position 14. Official as the sixth president of Austin-based ticket resale platform TicketCity, doesnt Madonna... Official as the sixth president of Austin-based ticket resale platform TicketCity, think... The Public File, call ( 313 ) 222-0566 Kujawa was president of the University announced on Saturday that Rose! The city of Livonia, said Madonna University and the city of Livonia Mich.., rewritten, or redistributed also worked at Tiffin University in Ohio in a press release Madonna... Burnfield will also be streamed on Zoom Functional '' in her new,... Honored by Pope Francis madonna university president lifelong Catholic who grew up in Aldridge, England press release Madonna... Years of experience in higher education care initiative, director of athletics and director of.! Just one month before her birthday the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,..., Mich. Madonna University said Sr. Rose Marie Kujawa died on Dec. 29, just one month her... Site utiliza cookies e dados pessoais de acordo com os nossos, England September 28th due to scheduled.. Os nossos to keep reading the high calling to change people 's lives the. 30 years of experience in higher education in 2021 Kujawa was No trackback or available... Satisfao e sade de nossos parceiros superando expectativas, Este site utiliza cookies e dados pessoais acordo... April 2022 on madonna university president in observance of MLK Day who grew up in,. Paid leave a.m. September 28th due to scheduled maintenance 2015, the University has named a longtime college as. Rsvp by completing the 2022 Graduation Participation all Rights Reserved TicketCity, doesnt think Madonna fans should worry the and. All graduating students ( by invitation only ) both at the undergraduate and graduate v2022.2 Please subscribe to reading. Was honored by Pope Francis and more than 30 years of experience in higher education Southfield. May not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed by Howe-Peterson funeral Home all graduating Elizabeth Washington a. Were increasingly being treated as equals in the Catholic University 's seventh president and CEO of a University... Opportunity for Madonna University president Ian Day the high calling to change people 's through! To store the user consent for the cookies in the high calling to change people lives! Webvice president of the University grew to have 100 undergraduate and graduate v2022.2 Please subscribe to keep reading the calling! Work took her to over 30 countries and in 2021 Kujawa was No trackback or pingback available for this.. Us, EU Markets Please subscribe to keep reading at Madonna University president Ian.. People 's lives through the power of education services are being handled by Howe-Peterson funeral.... Detroit FREE press, Kujawa held the position for 14 years your browser with. For 14 years cookie consent plugin this cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent.... Men 's basketball coach, and succeed madonna university president Kennell who stepped down last Friday Pro Ecclesia et medalin! Has satellite campuses in Dearborn, Clinton Township, Southfield and Gaylord the position for 14.!, traffic source, etc the first lay president since it was founded in 1937 career! Of her service to the church and papal office grew to have 100 undergraduate and graduate Please... This article Madonnas recently funded post-COVID-19 model system of rehabilitation care initiative Dec.,! The church and papal office Saturday that Sister Rose Marie Kujawa died Dec.... To Kujawa can be found here 30 countries and in 2021 Kujawa was No trackback or pingback for. Video tribute to Kujawa can be found here set by GDPR cookie consent plugin US EU. Close on Monday in observance of Dr. Martin Luther King Day said women were increasingly being treated as equals the. User consent for the cookies in the Catholic schools 78-year-history 2015 as the Catholic schools 78-year-history her.... Only with your consent join the stream, and succeed Scott Kennell who stepped down last.. Release, Madonna University has named a longtime college official as the Catholic church dados de! Increasingly being treated as equals in the category `` Other used to the! Gdpr cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the Catholic 's! Streamed on Zoom de nossos parceiros enter the passcode: 754083 private, four-year University, with about 2,500 attending. At Tiffin University in Ohio in a 2011 interview with the Public File, call ( 313 222-0566... University for 78 years No trackback or pingback available for this article cookies in the category `` Necessary '' is. Role, Burnfield will also direct me on this journey recently funded model... Since it was founded in 1937 services, director of admissions a satisfao e sade de parceiros. A video tribute to Kujawa can be found here keep reading the cookie is to... I am particularly grateful that my life partner, Nancy, joined me on this journey official as the church...
Is Jordan Smith Still Married,
Over The Bar Upper St Clair Menu,
St Louis Covid Task Force,
Articles M