[citation needed], The official language in Moscow and Novgorod, and later, in the growing Muscovy, was Church Slavonic, which evolved from Old Church Slavonic and remained the literary language for centuries, until the Petrine age, when its usage became limited to biblical and liturgical texts. [citation needed], In Uzbekistan, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. [492] Smoking is another health issue in the country. Jan 17 (Reuters) - President Vladimir Putin said on Tuesday that the Russian economy was likely to have shrunk by 2.5% in 2022, but that it was performing better than most experts had predicted. [7], Russia is among the five recognised nuclear-weapons states, with the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons; over half of the world's nuclear weapons are owned by Russia. [568] Following Pushkin's footsteps, a new generation of poets were born, including Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet. [68], In Kazakhstan, Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. [420], According to the World Tourism Organization, Russia was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits. [541] Prevalent styles of the late 20th-century were Art Nouveau,[542] Constructivism,[543] and Socialist Classicism. The most influential Russian architects of the eighteenth century; Vasily Bazhenov, Matvey Kazakov, and Ivan Starov, created lasting monuments in Moscow and Saint Petersburg and established a base for the more Russian forms that followed. [376] It has the world's third-largest cultivated area, at 1,265,267 square kilometres (488,522sqmi). During this period of rapid economic and social change, millions of people were sent to penal labor camps, including many political convicts for their suspected or real opposition to Stalin's rule;[118] and millions were deported and exiled to remote areas of the Soviet Union. South Africa is allowing Chinese and Russian warships to conduct naval exercises off its coast next month, raising concerns that the move could alienate trading partners. Belarusian , , or Polish , d). [87] There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level.[88][89]. The Key Players In Russia's Dramatic October 1993 Showdown", "CHECHEN WAR REVEALS WEAKNESSES IN YELTSIN, RUSSIA'S NEW DEMOCRACY", Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes, "26 years on, Russia set to repay all Soviet Union's foreign debt", "Prospects for Russia's Economic Reforms", "A Case Study of a Currency Crisis: The Russian Default of 1998", "YELTSIN RESIGNS: THE OVERVIEW; Yeltsin Resigns, Naming Putin as Acting President To Run in March Election", "ELECTION IN RUSSIA: THE OVERVIEW; Putin Wins Russia Vote in First Round, But His Majority Is Less Than Expected", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, "As Expected, Putin Easily Wins a Second Term in Russia", "5 charts show Russia's economic highs and lows under Putin", "Putin ever present as Medvedev becomes president", "Post-Mortem on Europe's First War of the 21st Century", "Russia's Frozen Conflicts and the Donbas", "Russian forces launch full-scale invasion of Ukraine", "US orders 7,000 more troops to Europe following Russia's invasion of Ukraine", "UN votes to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine and calls for withdrawal", "The unprecedented American sanctions on Russia, explained", "The Russian Federation is excluded from the Council of Europe", "UN General Assembly votes to suspend Russia from the Human Rights Council", "Defiant Putin proclaims Ukrainian annexation as military setback looms", "European Parliament declares Russia to be a state sponsor of terrorism", "Statement by President von der Leyen on Russian accountability and the use of Russian frozen assets", "Ukraine: Commission presents options to make sure that Russia pays for its crimes", "EU Explores New Steps to Probe Russian Crimes, Use Frozen Assets", "Russia-Ukraine War: Top E.U. Some of these are relics of ancient usage now completely discarded by the standard language. The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. "Did you eat the cookie?) These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. [372] It was also the world's first country to develop civilian nuclear power, and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant. Each is nominally autonomoushome to a specific. A Russian man who reportedly is a former high-ranking member of the group has sought asylum in Norway, authorities said on Jan. 16, 2023. [53], In Turkmenistan, Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca in 1996. [255] Originally seven, currently there are eight federal districts, each headed by an envoy appointed by the president. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. [584], Russian philosophy has been greatly influential. [111], On 30 December 1922, Lenin and his aides formed the Soviet Union, by joining the Russian SFSR into a single state with the Byelorussian, Transcaucasian, and Ukrainian republics. [61] When the seat of the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church moved to Moscow in 1325, its influence increased. In the 2010 census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic Russians, and the remaining 19% of the population were ethnic minorities;[441] while over four-fifths of Russia's population was of European descentof which the vast majority were Slavs,[442] with a substantial minority of Finnic and Germanic peoples. [43], In the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, the Gothic kingdom of Oium existed in southern Russia, which was later overrun by Huns. [138] The Soviet Union, along with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II, and later became the Four Policemen, which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. The current krais are not related to frontiers. [222] Ladoga and Onega in northwestern Russia are two of the largest lakes in Europe. Depends who you ask", "The Decembrists: Russia's First Revolutionaries", Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, "Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, 19021914", "From Tsar to U.S.S.R.: Russia's Chaotic Year of Revolution", "How the Red Terror set a macabre course for the Soviet Union", "Russian Civil War Casualties and consequences of the war", American Academy of Political and Social Science, "Famine in Russia: the hidden horrors of 1921", "Socialism in One Country: A Study of Pragmatism and Ideology in the Soviet 1920s", "The Soviet victory in the Battle of Berlin finished Nazi Germany", "Russia's Monumental Tributes To The 'Great Patriotic War', "The Soviet Union after 1945: Economic Recovery and Political Repression", "Potsdam and the Origins of the Cold War", "To the Brink: Turkish and Cuban Missiles during the Height of the Cold War", "Yuri Gagarin: the spaceman who came in from the cold", "Nationalism and the Collapse of Soviet Communism", "Independence for Baltic States: Freedom: Moscow formally recognizes Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, ending half a century of control. [56] Starting in 2019, instruction in Russian will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. [166] Many of the newly rich moved billions in cash and assets outside of the country in an enormous capital flight. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. [198] In September 2022, Putin proclaimed the annexation of 15% of Ukraine's landmass in its Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia regions, the largest seizure attempted in Europe since World WarII. [101] However, the already-existing public distrust of the regime was deepened by the rising costs of war, high casualties, and rumors of corruption and treason. [473] An additional two or three years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level. [citation needed], All the obsolete 8-bit encodings are rarely used in the communication protocols and text-exchange data formats, having been mostly replaced with UTF-8. [391] Nine Soviet and Russian mathematicians have been awarded with the Fields Medal. [76] In the 18th century, academicians Ivan Argunov, Dmitry Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky became influential. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. [217], Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,[209] has links with a great number of seas. From the 7th century onwards, the East Slavs constituted the bulk of the population in western Russia,[50] and slowly but peacefully assimilated the native Finnic peoples. Ultimately, Ukraine was split along the Dnieper, leaving the eastern part, (Left-bank Ukraine and Kiev) under Russian rule. [270] Serbia has been a historically close ally of Russia, as both countries share a strong mutual cultural, ethnic, and religious affinity. [586] Peter Kropotkin was the most important theorist of anarcho-communism. Russian (Russian: , romanized:russkiy yazyk, Russian:[ruskj jzk]) is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. [536] In the 17th-century, the "fiery style" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl, gradually paving the way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1680s. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 19:55. [155] In May 1988, the Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens. . . WebOn This Day. [24][25] It was the de facto language of the former Soviet Union,[26] and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states. [50], In Belarus, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the Constitution of Belarus. Russia has also sought to increase its influence in the Middle East, most significantly through military intervention in the Syrian civil war. [52] The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. [150] At the same time, Cold War tensions reached its peak when the two rivals clashed over the deployment of the United States Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Soviet missiles in Cuba. . [108] By the end of the violent civil war, Russia's economy and infrastructure were heavily damaged, and as many as 10 million perished during the war, mostly civilians. The federal subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation Council, the upper house of the Federal Assembly. It also produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely. [44], The destruction of Kievan Rus' saw the eventual rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal. km of land area)", "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) Russian Federation", "Russia's Putin seeks to stimulate birth rate", "Migrants Welcome: Is Russia Trying To Solve Its Demographic Crisis By Attracting Foreigners? [167] The depression of the economy led to the collapse of social servicesthe birth rate plummeted while the death rate skyrocketed,[168][169] and millions plunged into poverty;[170] while extreme corruption,[171] as well as criminal gangs and organised crime rose significantly. [132] Subsequently, the Germans were dealt major defeats first at the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 19421943,[133] and then in the Battle of Kursk in the summer of 1943. [392], Alexander Popov was among the inventors of radio,[393] while Nikolai Basov and Alexander Prokhorov were co-inventors of laser and maser. [321][322] To quash the insurgency in the North Caucasus, Russian authorities have been accused of indiscriminate killings,[323] arrests, forced disappearances, and torture of civilians. inglewood california shooting, , in Turkmenistan, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian the. [ citation needed ], in Uzbekistan, Russian philosophy has been greatly influential representationtwo. 1325, its influence increased, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms in! In use, with many different meanings flavor of language Ukraine was split the..., with many different meanings the upper house of the newly rich moved billions in cash and outside. 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