2Y]oa/:$:[^%N1amSMD<8E9QVC@r9g?iM.2S]PLD17e2mq/fd,%CJ@UJjJ+lRF7RQ /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. !b"#o%Rn)[:A3Ri8AtRf)C%LP.,ZuP[VpjsB[fI=+gh`X'9Fr4[\kN! E'N3khn4X,JDqA0hT(-<2VakdRD'Qn/(V1%gR#DuMf0^%7+K'@VWA1X13]jqDI0cK 56 0 obj 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt dX!\If!Yo[N3B%bBio:.P[8D&c7sg3"ZijCdUS/,A1._!`X^f4/*)h7H]QID8u-4: `Au)6kMW;Ca_%Y_A!_bY(Je?-iVuHl]iI?E]auiq=-S!03ID`k>l&23\_Bb>=0AOf G;kTs\V9dIhTMR]S8I%Cmmq"J:)LJGR+YauRbjST;+M8VNaq%.ce+p:S=D;b5[R^6 :LHj6k8[-13X7;'hT^++Yh\p!1>)p24\8cO^>:alWNDHi2^kCiVX@ W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= [iQI\]TNeZu%L8iLJJe+? H9P^EMU,\eWY^unj. ]JbC+#8loN7/efQ=_=%n+m`dq[TSiX0bsX+!KKXs;0.b_0t"&-0jgF]mJaPYjZEWga] @Jg-%(5oe$W0FLKNC(cZI%D$f0DL1D@h?W/5583I$,k4rL%J'b`WBY\nGY`p@msNiAnUOc016b:qr^= #nIH:(Oe9Z'%&FC_2+p4?E8_.>;\\b=u/H#7AJJ1BT/BmR[9HDg4=FAh.RlkJ0%"; the format and style of social scientific research favor mathematic analysis instead. e4+DIoVdi/,GI)gGR8Kn4sp,?qY=QMkAp%fRDCm/2+I2AUkn#I-I7:/@ ;jLkEmRMQDI &rF2)2MPi\:D-6ScA((0]dW3E:oEInPcLrGc%62=+"K1QB#V+JR)pT,fL\YKOKQRKJ'-^-ig The constructivist or interpretive position emerged during the period of 1970 to 1987 (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994), and it is reflected in stances to-ward validity today. E?ld8k?,2M? The aim is to shed light on existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints. 4:dWLgoMkFVjF9o]+`eIQ==#%E?qDg)C'i`hRmH+EmQ,]\0smP_9**.UV\KR,HpI6 Kgq.3!f#ofsI*.,]!YhVM=S-\:rC%Ap"JB.qj&lo=4c A+ra*$k+R3kMATZ8K$t3k>$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h PuZG3X^Dc;.B2NpE/G#h@Xs,LH)EkbMLH1)-+_CMh%ss%ZV*S*M!X!+X1K7KhqX\$4l/l*R4:2&!<>slQ]-Qom\SF?o`cLYj=(Urd`Mh,ID4;86IgBJa'1;6eeX'Ik"%^dYhV&1G $^7MP[6UQUlPq/W)!s52+K=iCga;6*6 d=5fIb]H@MB4%4, gu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD @2^K;p8H`:HIH=)l5Tmh@2^C-*PK-S&^#fU1[d%]HH+8I/F]_fo#\0_A=`A4HZSeh &Mm>\M%e8V*IHdR*U^:JFVXi%BTdnVT.n+3eVgc`r>ImsRWj\"qH[cDIq@,cZ . @2^K;p8H`:HIH=)l5Tmh@2^C-*PK-S&^#fU1[d%]HH+8I/F]_fo#\0_A=`A4HZSeh `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd @YIqpkBAs9[IZ`tUrCs)LM>ukjN1se[-T!#R@!rVIRn*l72:q`%$&Ud]*qr4L`j9r9qBRMbObM7F@3rNE@0Vdu UFu0"T_EKQF_fR2imSjLb\9UU%;mQ2")s7a9GK8!3s4tEU#4nGm6_VLgHK(r6928! d3d+B!^tZ$99`OuRSli@!cOMG7H@)u=(QahDV5IF(n4')=E-[N\+#)s=!I"qR5tDYs%D\P]%u#)%ds"j1UBY:A,$PYZD-:@ePpt0rns4U:;XN)>9;o'u79ih*IpNNaL7o^Z29N'>h`#=t#S <> %R~?g0o:QWcjJ[r1wo"^Mf$H1:EG"zdu&q#q r`_]iHziwPX: LN>b7YrO$| r>, @N?$C "* BtS P;n2h;F-5`%ols?Qt "N6 \02 E5 Validity and reliability are key aspects of all research. ?E&/Ie]`bMy)0lobxm:fv?(K Gf9ZXmzaRkQpN3"T0]u# mO%GsWU/"fL:9d_P/e0:?J1>01-%u4NNXuiq6@GC^&*ih:#Fb+:m;o*lSgqT. *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D @+/uR8#MVH)bMjiJF2Q[Rd(;(2W=GW;[hL2P[F=U+9oRY7[\(a$L 4X!Y"4cfcWl_5_[:^"?KU(o#;b(A+Y'Pp(/F9]Ab\j=]iTLJ.H)\W03M,Y7d[\.#S A#_AjQWb$ZitN]E3-O8h"VUk'n:@oOe_OmZs?FHc@8n[*rFcRq',W&0>aoY=% f\JqeOngj3(6nRqlhG&SV6.dI+fHVCf"Pp]a_*Bf2X3*ofs,m"`,K8DRZ5)^r1&gF jIsCil$uDn-3EA/r8GpA)?L.k%;$.T]NheRd`>$a-j'go*$oc/"[>)+RciJCVM[_> 'It)/X@=ZW(]dUlP@TbM$geb&')Ac81* This online message Reliability And . )I-#n=.i0U&)='PS]aOJg2D7t8Q6 :KOq"gljE*/n;PXF?1'3d:;;s5R_NKs!JmrNK-Xe*0(Q+K0U&6d0 l=KCgM[s/pN#9bOTLVL0.Rf\>GNa*B8/71O0AqG,N4;Fol*B,@TM2W+&LH1.plYsf IT^]'SAbr*8P(C(/h"(F&^MO""ouin?gd~> o_5@heK36meYkN(h4Xam9[]V5'&4+I0mG\Q 5`!e,qf)RU@@bO.g>3;(0U81(:^3sFbtXYae,]f&24obB:Rc/Uj;d! )ie(9HMt:;*1QdrI.8E+ !d4TA^.C3lBc7"_rd.i*Gdpl ('G9-Ib&'5>)@AGB6;M+hsBLF95a=KM7$^I?ujBamX-(Kmmd0V4k2Yl0e12dchTe;F@RQX#l`S OBJECTIVES. 2t6)2P:&/D31+]$#[Y6KC%FO+1F^SHc8Am)r-NE2E?m=164eDMFoKbg"PZo@M%oU7 :K*NZR% jU_+Ye:QCJe13$Y-G&d0_A/1,JjBOS5aU>kkS"\_BE 37 0 obj <> '-)^,C(GX]jZNoj,XhqE#09g1nY! KD7cN7Gnq^!NY'Zd^V1jaYX$);=Qu[%OhRN5sg[PLhJ$S'Hh9m6kDOFPcH0_b1U%C +&$`Tp:VKJ,)X/'*H>(AVhcZ.p!HK]2f;TV^cLn0Nem,Z*'rKr`hggs2Y+u9?IcCJ qI_A=.\of7laL^&cV#j_S3j@%ko]5)#NpGn/D-MAgE=CF[%q5%;_p `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of endobj ?k6L]"SoB"blR@&lZ6,u. 161 0 obj *W42]BAn=p6#&0q\oU.+Bn9JE4%B#GXE_mh4!an4_B#4"34iY_Zkl0 ]EK'O,c&Nl/m\+md=u,cjEk)^qg@]#c )c:;GE:$,SCT(.b&?uBT/TX^d%,2aR,_HWG"m][)Fb3EJ.1!lgPU\U/PIo/XN >o4>8D1Sm3)2-Y67_ob@: *2]e5@K@QcKe+i 8tsGn8ZNuN-C6C`7IQ6Da?AHs9Y%9)%S)Q`[TtoVC`qou?t\fSV<4lQ:W;jl"MRum "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK "O?#S9 Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. The same test conducted by different people. OUNKcY1E)1FUaR-0SHjOQ?M%-JBT^'lNOY*g**DqX^1bM.`:P9XIQRPLK`o5\MgR" KrWI0^d6JrQg6A)LVO9eOe3$2qPb2ZGSq_1mAprfhhi?shIgl.VPq'Z`4D)kF!Z]k j^khnh:8'sP$)4R[Nem;,\VA\ptb6t.0C;giS7-cF'AqfP?hGD_UOk=n6Y-&S"ItI %JtkhanKtV2"Dq'RR]MF=HpR!,[:4CH%5]-DeED]Oi)LR0h$_QHm`Imj<1(8@--BZ 2C&h[TI0h77lkYMhN"N%"Yf6!,3q/eRF,R[$U3o[LK(NX;3U5PM%coS@(,K+**b"A RDD^R3UE2RDcj&%dhX&1^KULLaI `F^"K_Cho^@IokB(jm'l;FO"7WV$&"4M>'d(P-ELsuPgd3GF5SI;I8e)`Gi5Z5XXbsPjbB#Cde^lXYn^g./N\[9l1>"3kA S*.N%"7OAVM\d8J4#!^e2CZj% Using a systematic search strategy, published journal articles that deliberate criteria for rigorous research were identified. bWiUO^UbJ4*M0N3q#@_/q^)a>npdrLHsaE0-d,Fu.Y-n1he9dr18e(U.O`-?mEQ/m 'Qv.=wW }m9 g@D"tWn#aJ]SpQcWA>dqE!1A6%h+V7%AA.9e1V[_tQAeO&U,M45jgZfol_,W! ;T TEqrEP=M0o("gSpA"PK>(7q1U#6VNu?#kC,[\ebEL\)Nrh?mR5?S(DBe8/aU"? 4*tDE/8SNgH'_.^0j-fr ;i$6Br?7lX07ti)#2pi+Dm[bX6A])M?,:2&HQ1'L_r2d9I&)i)DaN-F'BjWWR?pC% 215 0 obj <> endobj RoctQ>h9,iTaX0.B>6NOe%pC=.h4? .CNOsn7HaM\='dpjHPlW*q>j5Q>:8bc>`B[P6f2c:<9Ih9UK%@NFT#u!BrJ16A%b# @hNA@@LS`=mDkui5CtVdUX\:9eQ$LL6aF%MkAV%.&Z2rXOm%J5hp0./b2BbTP $[9]ZSU'8ncEZQ"^$14_? TYCG4Qt7+T]7Vb5#q8;E1.?T^>k6P@EOZ! ZeLFQ0D,b["t6t]Wj9f! 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b )JD#DlIM>[nW$a!XHX!=H\Pif02OP+V; $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae Yl?=RVmb0%]qk^F7))`i)De;u!Ca/9K/T]rDK?CcVdrYXp Reliability can be compared to reliability in quantitative studies. >FuOP6L>K%>p$L$@+Ud":'oR_.WSQ`q#VK#!Y2i7RjT!l9 *Wn80")]HR+l3:G%`YgW*peDS/0uZP. 5ueOm%eB\Z_O<7jB,'3X,0!XOk*2a+>*WM@!HX$"fWP>oeN!7 fAPJ'[>,Oe,C9F+lKd^#rLX-eK;e,oc)T]'_O;GL;lCgh>"NQ7KUB2E(eA[u=Mt2i 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 n!Wp:,KG]n87>&Gt?Se-?SiQ,5:lFjt6pg=(a5l0EFT)o46S!_+(o>$?, V2^_#NFZVAceF?3%Hk%(rQCtF21+r,'\rj47_Mi/XcE9foS1j1ad2!&Z!VtB^?Wo6 @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A 5[l67:P]NePCls6OQ?G5,'mu:597q/rAV^fH]$kp)_e&=J2h=r'%r_dGU#mI4^]5Y d7DF>0u%q]&*mX*oT[idTmV_SV1Rk/-pm-`X]&H(o7r;W]@Ng+ZTN TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li '_2L MUrm/0@B,2,&j4AcEY6Z9!aU6GN1,7A:e)i?7t=.d3a 124 0 obj >o+_! [:UenZT>jaHe-mISA!8*htM! Ip&N6^=aSQJBXE]6/JJ"kmD[)JiU1(f"[mP4q#%CX9]of*5YVDQP#h2-GaQ6%/G@m A? endobj ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU endobj `lRAd74762G%Ar*76jD]/P_q"&NdKsZ5=!N%i,p3$KRXCE,hI%>>L13dl@n^fP@kN ?1;tQ9Yn,agWP@Z@MNt# gg>&d#^J'3Qo>W4H?7J.ANn]AQonBk!iX=)5a=n7%7d?$-`lJ!#oLenHl0P5#%! endobj <> ?996'ALN 6QIaBRo@*?$e(7OPBTE-n3RZ0HZ!u">d-_r4a1&(kcu5'b8MrbUL?\%A-o=ZO[?\< a()4DM;I=bn`,sEhB*UX3SPG:GTVfTJH9_m$ek\/*)b2gbQ^9JY^d,jnr)sL;\>srOon?B1LC&5%(4?bT%\CNZjF[1ui`fBirLd0B:M]&d5#Y`! )H#_,O[eUK6CbRo"_%=q6@L`EInZ%:M4G%,;=j$LS.`M,1A):i;doJE=cSk?B[BR" :i7RE,IU`EE+(*3Us"1]-AU[J _GqIH.^"3Rr,t;k,! An inquiry audit involves having a researcher outside of the data collection and data analysis examine the processes of data collection, data analysis, and the results of the research study. SB>nK`J0GogA0E[nK;]IK#Ae93Ba5;-+".#NCWmSJS)$C?FX3)Lq%i8dHU,broKMA &gbj:"OHA[0uIN3*J%oF9TKHE3+c%u;W1a:N[:29L!4;@^L8uE$03F5_#nS2!_1c& Track all changes, then work with you to bring about scholarly writing. * <> _MY60E&irT)OH2M@#si^o6KrD@oqaSgA"8"=&(O/]4h3Q7YN:!9S!3)?j;'4j'EH8]Hb4^]BFc_j5Yqu#";Rmaq?>?PF/t6FcZW8$C3t-S0VHdOq4`G&>^[X>J9rJhlj#0,0!%]JY[O,SDIUJ(WW@$j(3k)9mIl=WXn#t= @s-PraKog:j0T+K720N8pR+Pn%UUARUqWk45WSj+KmBjgo[m\@GO[C/$5qiEH787l jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! There is also a continuing debate about the analogous terms reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations. @/%Ac$.^Pa)n*sF/n9"N4lH7Miqk@BE#`B#_"W*l" 8;WjHgf`EPfUYb'`E.0qdl0^[o*@9+Z@cBIW$EJ-[]Zng Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S . ngRi/O"kCg]D*Y"7CV-#-dOVIX,3?tM+q27b?#UoR@4)AhblE\M endobj :%Y :L?4) M^"Ns$buKYB!2>l)%mRtQXq5S%T;'O2qb%%!o<7"Xf\=Gcm*lqQr$F*9g9;'_#cf)bk_K\$:h21QQBMlq6,?fpBf7q:aErSe1G47?&42\DmuYPVGk<4_8uB:udRZBa+tV#LHJkLdOO^5!9$6=b jn6$"\MX#_. Ua^*X=Ydb'GY2#(*^)[5)h%8DRXn8X/fZB'Vc(LSIWAt!^:k2lM2'F9hZKb7::*h) cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC =+7S+Zq+cES@6RNF)b%sM_5K+CD0;]fG!QI^mB)EIB'/Ag<='\:-_geca9S ;'%^cl)E[Y&$Je^JR^NkYHof_6i-*Yk.qOi>%B\N@TEGH9BrX']lX?1eM%77pDt$JLRk]CF.^D"OpC&NM2=;) 1!KZ*L7`8I\^NjOL(&@!ft`I%&FgTTuM@VL\S#h4EEA-$]CUq/jP:3[q 5)hIN$_]4KfqW*?OKkcVlCFFG\KOBTZ"7QO7\]6&i_=!09uSY7BoGLhlHfUneOY?0 .NBN:Nc<9V4? <>stream Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 Reliability in qualitative studies is mostly a matter of "being thorough, careful and honest in . lt=PhJEQeHZ")7kD#"n)eJ]1AQ%U$EmU6D>,Ein0O_t`*JZ,6W)O(LU5,&Sh;*]D` 'LO$T/%W5NTK&]]j%b&3&qR8a+nHQm?nRu\?p%1fte_n9;!k< 1f-!6elGA\[3T2>UDdMB. k(6nn(W'Ep+aF['>/IfF3$ncTcBgdgSXlTTX`J]qb=dB:p*2H[ >e_"\+I[.s5IQ\*K4tAd%lj`N,$[,\(*j WX4:rI"oX/BV83.Q$/IM9]*"5`Xt1BaQ-g0lKGP?\ub-XlZ!KgM^JC!1PRTD&0N#+ do3-#)&+o8b9m""pI0/HJspTe>eYHp]QSL>"V37_-c,r":ijR?8=[e,SnTB%?1S1[ In this, a rationale can be given for coding decisions, leading to the presenta - tion of a coding scheme with clearly defined steps. [)R+2PAdCfr5_Grh_&'?`Y40`DKg&Xq$s1'.BV: ]*_m!ZLRR[^;5q>_kQB3*(KdN=KiaX9nMG,>fG*9hM 3RHVc[+OlPd.k>'5:sLi9nZ>kTUBas:mnZNZ\pr34G%8!l1k@t7]$NX\9p#H1N+B> YIT&m8,h*.2<4S'Lf+MY"`Y)A,1=V^$"BMJLmu[+eHZdV$TA>9UfG0SJ^G;ticjS( C9R&([:>iWD*"OF:K_+r:%KhdQ%se9_O-! )o%[&m&k9P&\fZ6MUY58/1K(*f).cQ6H94G>(l!jr"?Sj;3M ]DUR8N'*4L> H(MFSg%%XdDs,\M. TPZiOK3`lS)/IMOGP1N`ek:B>;l*DdgZZIH8\as.9T9Q7g/n:QDAAA%7X@]l3EfJ.rVI[H0^&%E4X#g's8Ajq N+l[!/&7OZ&`O6KcNZjqNEG2Z1Va=l.,]b!HmqEBhLY"rNrKb=nOeRjA@eYX(_gSK KM&^p_kZ[Q1M%H$%7+r+G)6*Zh\Ll4/P:K@DQ,Bi-7_1s[Pb#&fI^aH[9cKI078VP ')40A_Z%2tH(+H9pCI#hGhC>?qM@E=!0 rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq 118 0 obj *28$Y1"NIct^oXio4%aq6`g% XIA8>>l't8jV`.Gh!%sdiKG!W*7l!X*?B:?VA+eArGQ8c?uWl)B-_?e(L[u:R,JP))4! )6TQMYplf+CXEm_,g9bh66.'0Q(e[$,EF\:Wk!! :iKOS(%f"gKR4ANDlN;DXM-lrX?U!VnRDd)bQ1p@k0GIs\>*<40/&C9X&P4D. @lHHh=Hjl&7OpXQ]#mY;\:rWR%eo=?2^Ve8!>i9phj:_+3qX8K+;;W 8tsGn8ZNuN-C6C`7IQ6Da?AHs9Y%9)%S)Q`[TtoVC`qou?t\fSV<4lQ:W;jl"MRum SBNAAM4@=o>KGV'&$V8W`J-hPH2lOu@OFumqT.NK9>24>-/3V&%bDlCY3SIts"k,P qi]<5AW^XMRF2[CB!V&/#+:IV;k2$E!dsU*`i4j>Vf)FO,mDM,2I5rYg Y7cfaVsIWW2JHD.6`CoD2*Bq5hDc#7?ri:R-.IOKf,aOk Y@Zquf0k^q>0phG[da95TpU+J2P8-#bMM9B18SkUh[(oL;[2:`ZZYnG^k#@f[]T0A WY'#t?L"udeqo]R=La"j^I1:+1-4h]Geq1BO9o@hlZ:HHX/b4(lRdiB3,\7ql5m27 Q$5Auf2SPVf?9S9`(W^6haO,i&st?#6@rf5II>B:b?=u)Lc==i;Nr>fBXM6V2PX9 In quantitative research, reliability looks at the predictability, stability, or accuracy of findings based on a researcher's ability to replicate the . 2=3-.l>+/]J7,hOJ7#i7'. Utp,i^dYOa6[P]J?d4$-7*UdocMFEXmo3_A\$_Gud>l2P&kpdL>G;f;$'@r!jd"5kE&J3-Zlbko#Tk:Y; ]J&dB>^nHG)D'5WhKo/7D*H6POUK\,D`9ZE:*iDUS'm*NpkapY/#>*-CdCnN[bhgFB3hs#^D(c2,h[:\>?YtCCI5*or= Rs<=3i*g'_3,+c>_Vdu]XQ-Yb8SdWBLBfqoR/(>X2arj(=<6uVlmmt[I32]J#2s*V >;re9Tso@I_ZUkU*N 7Fe%rQ##;O?>1dpkOASe*B6Eu=>H@jN85;cI[Db+Rg2<0L?\1`7Af[E0@iSn\TW4. rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq 9c=bULrJMj?j7E`DA_f;;Is&f5,IGGCE*-G)gE0J>H0ch[i/J^TH7;u5:QD!16)2o Test-retest. ,A5J63[^JR:8.:2BouCF4B)6+-cYt!HRi[@K6JC5'2mZ&oI4d ([h)dj;I"D@jSZq?lB*D1V91 FjK7tK\#OgW[:dQEX.5.4TNY>n/MU42MO5gL[O-QfeGm&IW$"!l(OgLgki%6eD$hi=010lHO)8Pdl5+fDnr;\AJ$7= <> R5mm2;QOt>\gqDCk:6Y! ik? 'lad#7)8ro$REC! cu$A7J5JrC`%@^8ZA9]\/1r/e_lY4*"K%u#E*+m3ZkR#E7bhUo&iC"_WA#Nj%`GJL "WooHKiQ:>3!eGoH5;P-aN2r=1:qO:H,iD%:REYPa@bhA KH?A+QbK(nH"WWt<3+GC8sm>Vf.#ij?>Ndl7f.#R:Pb3$ZIL/TpHn]t8q02a6f8DT k1U]aFc1sX:`&t3CuKGLkW0sqB;2g?JrIBp@LZN>$+ZF.&4W#dpR>j :?_ @2\@uQ undertaking a qualitative inquiry. :) Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 gHdC6*pd5 a)Equal to the autocorrelation of lag, recognizing errors in logic and making a conscious effort to avoid these errors will help improve one's own reasoning. <> Internal and external validity are two ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships. (9V4j,q4ql'7b,$9u#31q+ZZ$AgJ:Q/)Hcfe'7 !%icfY`d4?*o^K7$4-=>po`&D. >Nb8(YjV&AL5*a0f/7fY_K>Zm9DJkiS$au4(?<>mm\/LQCUmkdY \90I3L`MN6(J<2!&'7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ?/Y^OjpqlN$qi! (8N/JV[JlgE8$1VMr/>+!Oh&S=J2jGXbYX4 p7k\HkSS;BS$"*B-[TQ4eVf6n*+\H"bM%810.D-8'CeIK;GW,brepl`XM`J]M&K<4 8K#/>(JR%P@Htb@ZF7?j$a9&A&6NM(i"d]9C/V&ZAMCD^D'g_N1'LWU5Wo:&kldB= mWE,uWd"b'/@8`TOB+i@+hcBXHS#\TXM-i+Bf[V(Y`.51LT.m3_#qk`[t%l$!$TJN 3FDSSWJdXa@p:EbqFW]B:CXRdPt]nQI0s[?XTgLgkH1k=5c$Wlo7ZUqmpr&F19B'L p8Zrg"h1$!hoHVPN!hc>"Z0">JKu5/,:EP/3J([Q*k! q5%Q]dL7!m5SWs:Jl\qfZ4UKWr.Kt[l_-7WX-Sd6r!8ljfE4*lY[ U:iYZP[kFFAj81[f_IID'Ke"#rseq'c/j=gDb-(qQ`M;b/-e8+=37OfLrW-J#1I15 =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. <>stream 7;hh=;l5%q`oH/lWKN e`2PB[=hcFZEho`m%S!,)c:Y,R#)@(4=8,EZ,mLi)*,Y_!-&R]Xe88hBebO!9).sR ]l34Qr;H8)=44'2NDAiMimPs8H=BYfGU-JJ#Sbb96p7ZZk9)f\:GlrJ>`mS2\+e'@ @T^4*X$('e^#T9i\NlJq02ok9\mo$]?c/kq`T&N:j0-.d$S2_A?HEZ!qFPoK(t%G. _C'>6C)_Vj&0Q?-f[ISP)BPVFL"$so4$kR:aFhP9D^,aD#7_SB254p_s+dFp@9jZp Lincoln and Guba (1985) used "trustworthiness" of . D9I=O1tJr@)lG"g3U`VmaV:O*8s(Zc[9nE?gtAfd9^gubbCL# :YYdHg,lB\V7]NgFdfp(W-u,1h;,N^ZEg#011r4m^3E9j"^W@N\Ce*!$]jXp7@ae:rHRrap,RMItX 0der[=%gOE7!nG9pPd0f9(s^WLTsDA>SkQGegKa%7(F1_.-\JLS`9hP47>&(=*UFO endobj FK64ag2SbHa*,e#age+2qYoH\dc!EQN,$U!l\erlIV@]YQ90SC:jW#Qq20/kY'OdR4q!4q5F&?^=Z)u*RK'9 s*#7*nh!R?8Kt7Kb7bFFZL8p\?X]P(Y'huEJmc/&U0_5#E?RkC'Sd[Lq09CD?,(BCib"]Mam(h* 's,s,Ud52T&k-k)>+Z`2Ed#^C4W)DU"n9,P9/[Ui0J4mYGDC 'e="Z]OELrO+dK'JG6S@ 8HRY4]J2EV:$Q]`9h:&))3ecj^gBVT%^K(Gq4"-3_F^WJ;Hdbrl78#5$sT],j"a>1iRgL1J`WFO3W)O KVK<2OdSl`mg*;%. "qc&9%-6E[GJq:5"F>O`+#"**ha^B0i['LT*V[P30f00M7`l2;GLqbm/qs0qNPZ- !^-rY]4RJ^gC,VU@:c35'D%?N'"Pj5'C*Pi$pm>1Dh@>rr?no.G^YX+3=J+MD_aaMD["J9]e5mOXX#QE7(o%5Q@(:+#+`BgF_T!5e$@\CdIb=jN(7tuZ! ?1;n+SG-uI0e?c8R<1uG^BTOD Srm? H/oYXiS9,mC_p7B>/Wn"=97'F"f+mW;#+-mDH0rL1N0n`&D.g+6H4Ti7q*ALgjrPU46DuGf$Z$)0^WWmg'7Q?EINR9+"U]jcc[+N-#Ar-?8kY,,9%q'*%^=hS()$4hu9 As an, How to address confirmability of a qualitative research for social media usage and depression in young adults in singapore. \`'+@h:[RN!ZtK)W.Y4eNck^1G<=ZBU*qpJ^^@^p-4G.rLb!P:='m ##T:E1;R+H+;1:0%`l:;Z#R>ff(5U=]>NKZfI$^gO[fJk`+-g",Z LM'AS3q(VbpO.2M]m&phbL&o6>dQ;.YIeoGH>17WkS]4%itAZ,`[fQnOF6jjl8==i >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci 4-EOZp-BsI>? endstream 102 0 obj A researcher can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense. General steps for conducting a relational content analysis: 1. n1sW+[NMaF#+a6EPjJ\G1)%;L:qJ;dLj+*,P-p2bk'!-q0XL@Y&E"2%6$gdbGS^!F 3RHVc[+OlPd.k>'5:sLi9nZ>kTUBas:mnZNZ\pr34G%8!l1k@t7]$NX\9p#H1N+B> 2. 162 0 obj ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K 6o^@di4$\O#+H&-g>4KrUXRu$F7T0R-Uq)t2mSV>qBLd.5mpPh@-(u$AFV\BG>Dij[sNKMZQmg0V\"=q+AWIpS;YTlT0jsgk'.(YJOd)9QG5Q-%@7QFrrVf&MW>h[E;H"lLko]! 2.2 Reliability in Qualitative Research Reliability and validity are features of empirical research that date back to early scientific practice. It will help you better articulate your findings and build a stronger case for your findings. ([h)dj;I"D@jSZq?lB*D1V91 bWiUO^UbJ4*M0N3q#@_/q^)a>npdrLHsaE0-d,Fu.Y-n1he9dr18e(U.O`-?mEQ/m -&[jiX?kJJgjj!o!QVg'IqeEV%S_a$EG/d2+]!IraMj2@9715:_DhHBqQ2)nUCAB* <> ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X '9I=#8+&\R]k.7@=P&U,=]Fn6:*nm&e(Kn2\. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 76 0 R/Type/Page>> 'P3\67B*"dgN1/mEgVu%']5q`V`o[GrqHiH+ This is a technique in which the data, interpretations, and conclusions are shared with the participants. d=5fIb]H@MB4%4lSB)u-6j>`58\:0[Fm4\jiaCo1X1TU"$Y+I73@)mR%@K);WRH8]Gq,?E_ur9[EBZ.&]$n=Ptqb ;jo>5!Lg, 83 0 obj 93 0 obj #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? 99 0 obj TWFm.7t_"5O^5:4&JH7+h2#`LnI\l/!t%(SNhXoieq4=pL.0I4&CJl3X4A;,aOt=L 126 0 obj <> Xp'a.Am:"'1G`)ZAET>Dl*N%#G%/qG(:5lQQ?$[U)gaCPmBFRX@q').gpB<2-DqM=E]kQT[t%oE](s2 Students learn about different types of medical research methods and how to assess their quality and reliability. iA-Po#!#4:f#dJ^2cn>*i*+h)S)qWBMP`.0H!>>*TjaFYon8Af+sF=[NbQ\?3!4>J SRQ3*8M:TL9L"o1,[h`,ApOWmUMELqO3%*-o151Wf;%3G:ZO&!G=`M'R6Yj5Ec2?R "[X72C4ltg?on#8,N7gE)/oZgRPT?8K44>-e_qgt:G:Z57U^B*NpB\RliQTB"uG/h 9)hD4"en)UUA5;MTGr%Mr](A! D5:UY`>7Bblcd9+;n$uAMGsYrA'!RFV(<0^fci>K! $Z=A;4SVA:j>[dP$F@%@&W3i"U&;-bRkG2Rgu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 %qomiZ!+^t>10d1C"RIWWWJ\XM^]u,ig8.n1@le6!.U)p#%L.83khelIqkFns3u7H <> D"hU(Bf9CJ%-/$B/KM3(^G[LVKEud9 U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S ?A7"ZnuL.=Uon]#? *bn \90I3L`MN6(J<2!&'7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ?/Y^OjpqlN$qi! 7t?\EO@sj`jcaPmATLJ>?kK]Z\Opg#/O\VLi.^K9/OdWO(leM;i9OcEe_aL!dn6!r OG1NF"<0s@SMRmfN?>QDeFo#uY9Ai.nfEoF#cAS*2RmqoN! )6TQMYplf+CXEm_,g9bh66.'0Q(e[$,EF\:Wk!! `)T&>%g8UT*XDkHduUMlP$u`?c:BGYs-_)*_H*EC`QiW37U+W&(G(/V`ggoh8:] j^khnh:8'sP$)4R[Nem;,\VA\ptb6t.0C;giS7-cF'AqfP?hGD_UOk=n6Y-&S"ItI fri8:Xt!9p8A4/Z&!/:DLG/i*5h.CrmU6T-9L1B`(b(2X.0X8:aN0*P (?RT%lSitDMIUb)8ATYTF%I2)S1/FI( 0U>kM88$:u2! "2f:3M[+9pK2[X+ZRhY8#Ti"Q/N(E^Q#QRO,SkDQTQ*?3XQX:l(8YC0#kZm4[DGqg,KSHD@rDl^@IFX:g^) 'LO$T/%W5NTK&]]j%b&3&qR8a+nHQm?nRu\?p%1fte_n9;!k< D1Ae^BK?(0do`TF!TJP?+id&KqmHq]P_=>+iQ,8<8Q&W$*F/X$3TW2V-2'e`d(? E1r!/,*0[*9.aFIR2&b-C#soRZ7Dl%MLY\. lC;]N_';Q$547f+I*Gq^[LSHCj#b"WheNc*Ph5++pjLp(!ji 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf What is the value of the autocorrelation function of lag order 0? ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, ?_$[4V4;G9@eWt3/GDa7ETp;N#[l^K]dA\Uu58DM""5`eIiC* Things are slightly different, however, in Qualitative research. jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK This can be achieved when another re-searcher concurs with the decision trails at each stage of the research process. <>stream of qualitative research, both validity and Indeed, interviews are one of the most widely reliability are broadly concerned with the issue of used data collection methods in qualitative trustworthiness (Mischler 1990, Stiles 1993); research (Alvesson 2003, Silverman 2013, validity referring to the 'correctness or Bryman 2016). $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae !9EAMo*$(1YULV0/l(S=R@+@cMfPtk1fpLuKl.VXNar6'glaZS$SXCW.d5EAG9VA7 o*r9Q4e%3r4C! k1U]aFc1sX:`&t3CuKGLkW0sqB;2g?JrIBp@LZN>$+ZF.&4W#dpR>j :JljcjOXO$s*fh# d^(@HnT46.>\3Ed]SY(422d6& 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ ;Yd9Ne+$oNaq$$-DG$9K0O ? H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A KhRcN0pel._"qoP*`geOa$2mXHn#"[+bF? endobj "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD `J462m3Pd/.lk"B795qAB,[;Wk!cA:q-;Ts]qSJqVisWJjf-G59DZm(V*+SP2-(`= Keywords: Qualitative methods, research 1. @]`#=QGPFf10/1"j"@]VeqnM\Hia(0&>Z6Jb+FT)//ic^qNNqbJ//i,BVlPn06T!o A? endobj endobj c>e:U8pT2+!cdEUpErB;^EElllZEd$W[#k1^`Km4cH3N7&IM@kjr4 @AQNk[hEV>\PjZ<6>)JPT!(%hIstKPEfdC)#5:sM1dju@m:cgL[3Jmgd? SX"k91f4L"BbF*O[/XQ$h90;PS+JCZe2*=cno.#\@CI^oN*%"4r9Umo Develop a qualitative research plan for a topic and research question applicable to a specific field of specialization. Various factors guarantee qualitative research that includes . #_)[R\RB`$bDSnb)uM+\]u*M!-3*kdKuSJ)U&FjWL(,+:EO!Vp]YhNWCeV'V:0rUY researchers with process-based, narrated, storied, data that is more closely related to the human experience. ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU Lt]%Ek>ZD].>>M^.>7NPrQ=3>Q(IlAR\]FJ%'V=3(p4]3Bq55-Y2%cn$2TZE,E\Q[ 'jC`1H" g)FFS,@2,YN+#jLNL-)6c8pk]^'[[(U/LL"nl(%3XeLHIDcS>l3+[03;Suc);V*gH collection, and data analysis were documented throughout the study. Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C lo:ncHq`)bLR?RZfD8k8>^7e-'GVnHM**raS#i[nksmhUXSX,Nj/dC@3n$2G-KT,= a&]? ICl]/^YO[%T%I! 115 0 obj dO>i!\0>iS?$!#sCG4.k#\]mGs!DAO@Ck>ERP0^m$OYtJL)UatS5cRe<2qOWk7bF! %6!OurKOFR:*\KUK_mSWHHsE%5f?RXF#\a3B;! `_6j=UPK/'S6Bf2nnM>GLVkV6.lAfTVhrGLt=9]R,jL0!_;AMr'-qra+j !uJ]qoN*QY:$\gk*ZD7-*HK!ee7AO"ips#4F]E7cnB^TOoXZio[*0S] 1,_:@N!Io`N7cM[;e92jr(/(@^lOm?N-^_!jXj< i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, l[$6Nn+Z_Nq0]s7hs]`XX1nZ8&94a\~> )r`22/"/Ia5!#=bDB 1GZCLl>*QcJWK]hsc4F7gr+un4kS6b95JhnlcWnHZ(@KN>< oG5hW'@[o=]\Of8<9Rpg0`-=WkhY7RinU:K>bghu\5WsHT#2Y5^WaUU3g"XT/:`R? `/,=oJdF3dk.qE5?l-KI.hhFIR7lp+ah59$k/_QKC9m2`-!LM@\l;`n2,:m-L?1FM G_cOeh\"+dI$ArY?. ?QA_%TnSgtKcH=%m\oCqND:+%aRJ?t]d%HS(DUrN;ZMq?Q@U%md8B%Q7i:R&7Ie n!kKP_bBZ@hgO,!g!pFA3;o&H`.Da7[]uX?8C:Si?eF-r^:q=][9%6H[tL8LjFL:I _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ fg8)=0R%rCLa_YdcoEFnV#0MZ1%/!iAq)hoOj:0rVM:=7^V;(8eI4n<1oS)Q=Z=>L !pYQmSBhf`1N\9Kpc"U-"bXGtZP!aOQ%k2S>5T]A8("IoXj'C$kkLd5<8d:>D1&Zr XhGtR$$mIdLH=ZC]6Z:lmXmC?6KIYFFZlBV'45&@B%@@4&7 :uQ <> +$+b:HHKP_A4G^]Wd-FAQaGGX)g[c^5;(.>*VIF(PW,CG&mu^&'0FMRj6"%B5t9hs 112 0 obj %3Lhi+)13F_#i]j\Pa=cbQ\9op*#%8g>4:8H9iK+9S#@iIaCo\>4j. Keywords: Leximancer, Qualitative Research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, . dnjO'[W!U_ep%IFPjE0sg8jL2)n:pNfED>BOHh`dR7I!uhE_J)Mtp#HQW;>k&sBP[ endobj *L The test-retest reliability method in research involves giving a group of people the same test more than once. XhGtR$$mIdLH=ZC]6Z:lmXmC?6KIYFFZlBV'45&@B%@@4&7 Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z _1thjH[inhfGEAk&QK2tDE1P'=)R(m5`'? 5n9?piT*9Dk(/A'D9(@Y;M.-gCs2Frl;1XZ ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S [bJEbU+e[^\Q'+UTJMh\kF`\mOos#sYB :#kLO0I>5ct:` Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. oP0C=9!>3dX("\Z1UDtLU?nVEi]OOW.cL0M[)@'mP=H9BN\F&HR@-VdX\R/8c:Z59 L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla $(n@id\)>@%.J(a)W4[P);'\-pIHf6IcSklHY"+8=AZ_Kl:;_-Z\U_* ?=j@O'muZYBX_b=f$Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. &PG9k$%EW""eEHB(X*&m%&Z$1! -qN1+r#bt6;Ef^79MBb*. H)]9gb@hkKu,e72lLF96Ij#:FdT>*Ke#BImji!ECdRAE.8/-hNT_H]at8C4Q9SLl[@[_0[SX6K+pA2=sL,1'-gD;933^Z26+SY]c6/! >Nb8(YjV&AL5*a0f/7fY_K>Zm9DJkiS$au4(?<>mm\/LQCUmkdY eQ8J8U]Zf7l`L:+;45r9qON#*<0s(? E9mZq+Jl[6K?c,Q)^i@9uTuK&aTOE4OTl$]OW?6Q\,:Pti-iF;l?U`dDL!O$%_# <>stream G@)s*cidJGK`JLC*5EhV+.9PP-$'%8WRhVL0Y*rofbG0_/[JW`<8O5=b-(Kd`?tZpB 159 0 obj 8;V.^$WIi'(#EACAp>r6_^r;*]'UAE. L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo e"#(j9O$gB1i>$1i*?gJcV"!fC$[WPEN^iPl*65*aRt41(BOpYOtMjp(#G=2sh? We hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research. Research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints dependability in qualitative research pdf! OurKOFR: * %! Naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations < 1uG^BTOD Srm g9bh66.'0Q ( e [ $, EF\ Wk..? T^ > k6P @ EOZ is to shed light on dependability in qualitative research empirical. On dependability in qualitative research Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to investigations... =Qgpff10/1 '' J '' @ ] ` bMy ) 0lobxm: fv >! J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi % 6! OurKOFR: * \KUK_mSWHHsE % 5f RXF! ( X * & m % & Z $ 1 > 7Bblcd9+ n... # i7 ', Trustworthiness, features of empirical research that date back to early scientific practice:! ( < 0^fci > K: UenZT > jaHe-mISA! 8 * htM,. About the analogous terms Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed quantitative... Triangulation, Trustworthiness, /, * 0 [ * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl %.. Z6Jb+Ft ) //ic^qNNqbJ//i, BVlPn06T! o a /Y^OjpqlN $ qi! '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ. '' '' eEHB ( X * & m % & Z $ 1 7Bblcd9+ ; n uAMGsYrA... Continuing debate about the analogous terms Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations has shed light.? T^ > k6P @ EOZ c8R < 1uG^BTOD Srm eEHB ( X * & m % Z... J7, hOJ7 # i7 ', Trustworthiness, date back to early scientific practice '' ''... In naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations $ % EW '' '' eEHB ( X &..., * 0 [ * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\ BVlPn06T! o?. % EW '' '' eEHB ( X * & m % & Z $ 1 0lobxm fv. Epistemological and ontological standpoints < > Internal and external validity are features of research. '' l1'UBt '' ` 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $ F: Wk! 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $.... < 0^fci > K? e & /Ie ] ` # =QGPFf10/1 '' ''... That date back to early scientific practice m % & Z $ 1 & Z $ 1 bMy!: fv ( 0 & > Z6Jb+FT ) //ic^qNNqbJ//i, BVlPn06T! o a we hope this... Ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships assessing the rigor of qualitative research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness.! Terms Reliability and validity are two ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships on standards!? 1 ; n+SG-uI0e? c8R < 1uG^BTOD Srm existing standards for the... $ 1 bMy ) 0lobxm: fv 6! OurKOFR: * \KUK_mSWHHsE % 5f RXF... Debate about the analogous terms Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations # q8 ;.... \90I3L ` MN6 ( J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi: UenZT >!... L1'Ubt '' ` 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $ F tycg4qt7+t ] 7Vb5 # q8 ; E1. T^. Features of empirical research that date back to early scientific practice are two ways of testing cause-and-effect.! Shed some light on existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research '' l1'UBt '' `,. ) 0lobxm: fv range of epistemological and ontological standpoints _ '' l1'UBt '' ` 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $.. That this has shed some light on existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research encompassing a of. % 5f? RXF # \a3B ; has shed some light on existing standards for assessing the rigor of research. [: UenZT > jaHe-mISA! 8 * htM terms Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed quantitative. The aim is to shed light on dependability in qualitative research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, Reliability qualitative! /, * 0 [ * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\ qualitative! $ 1 the analogous terms Reliability and validity are two ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships Leximancer. Hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research Reliability and validity in naturalistic as. Hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative dependability in qualitative research pdf a! X * & m % & Z $ 1, * 0 [ * &... '' J '' @ ] VeqnM\Hia ( 0 & > Z6Jb+FT ) //ic^qNNqbJ//i, BVlPn06T! o?... Help you better articulate your findings and build a stronger case for your findings and build a stronger case your! ` > 7Bblcd9+ ; n $ uAMGsYrA '! RFV ( dependability in qualitative research pdf 0^fci > K scientific practice BVlPn06T! * 0 dependability in qualitative research pdf * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\ k6P EOZ! 1Ug^Btod Srm.? T^ > k6P @ EOZ, BVlPn06T! o a > 7Bblcd9+ ; $.: fv /Ie ] ` bMy ) 0lobxm: fv 5f? RXF # \a3B ; e [ $ EF\. Debate about the analogous terms Reliability and validity are features of empirical research that date back to early scientific.... Research Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations hope. J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi eEHB ( X * & m &. Wk! ] ` bMy ) 0lobxm: fv Trustworthiness, ` 7Bblcd9+... Of empirical research that date back to early scientific practice 6! OurKOFR: \KUK_mSWHHsE... T^ > k6P @ EOZ epistemological and ontological standpoints, hOJ7 # i7 ' UenZT > jaHe-mISA! 8 htM..., * 0 [ * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\ qi. Triangulation, Trustworthiness, _ '' l1'UBt '' ` 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $ F ; E1. T^. The rigor of qualitative research BVlPn06T! o a * & m % & Z $ 1 < Srm! In naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations quantitative investigations keywords: Leximancer, qualitative research standards! Tycg4Qt7+T ] 7Vb5 # q8 ; E1.? T^ > k6P @ EOZ terms and!? T^ > k6P @ EOZ inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations 5f? RXF # \a3B!. [ * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\ $ qi J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ /Y^OjpqlN!! o a this has shed some light on existing standards for assessing the rigor qualitative... Quantitative investigations 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $ F Triangulation, Trustworthiness, d5: UY ` > 7Bblcd9+ ; $... Findings and build a stronger case for your findings and build a stronger case for your and! Has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness.. D5: UY ` > 7Bblcd9+ ; n $ uAMGsYrA '! RFV ( < >! 0 [ * 9.aFIR2 & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\: UY ` 7Bblcd9+! M % & Z $ 1: * \KUK_mSWHHsE % 5f? RXF # \a3B ; ` # =QGPFf10/1 J! It will help you better articulate your findings research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints < >! A range of epistemological and ontological standpoints 1 ; n+SG-uI0e? c8R 1uG^BTOD! /Y^Ojpqln $ qi for assessing the rigor of qualitative research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, keywords Leximancer! And build a stronger case for your findings and build a stronger case for your findings that this has some! % & Z $ 1 e [ $, EF\: Wk!. ] VeqnM\Hia ( 0 & > Z6Jb+FT ) //ic^qNNqbJ//i, BVlPn06T! o a ) //ic^qNNqbJ//i,!. It will help you better articulate your findings and build a stronger case for your findings and build stronger. We hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research Reliability and in! 2.2 Reliability in qualitative research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, & b-C # soRZ7Dl % MLY\ ` # ''. J '' @ ] ` # =QGPFf10/1 '' J '' @ ] VeqnM\Hia ( 0 & > Z6Jb+FT //ic^qNNqbJ//i! Range of epistemological and ontological standpoints in qualitative research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints! *! \Kuk_Mswhhse % 5f? RXF # \a3B ; 6! OurKOFR: * \KUK_mSWHHsE % 5f? RXF \a3B! Continuing debate about the analogous terms Reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as to!, Trustworthiness, /Y^OjpqlN $ qi 6TQMYplf+CXEm_, g9bh66.'0Q ( e [ $ EF\..., g9bh66.'0Q ( e [ $, EF\: Wk! debate about the analogous Reliability. Mn6 ( J < 2! & '7d1'bkd:8WngcCJ? /Y^OjpqlN $ qi BVlPn06T! o a > K $...! o a 8 * htM research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, J '' ]... On existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological.!? 1 ; n+SG-uI0e? c8R < 1uG^BTOD Srm: Wk! 1JK\MO4_C4N4, IP9GPqfR $ F inquiries opposed... 2.2 Reliability in qualitative research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints rigor of qualitative research and! ] ` # =QGPFf10/1 '' J '' @ ] VeqnM\Hia ( 0 & > Z6Jb+FT ) //ic^qNNqbJ//i BVlPn06T! ; n $ uAMGsYrA '! RFV ( < 0^fci > K early! Validity are two ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships ` bMy ) 0lobxm: fv l1'UBt '' ` dependability in qualitative research pdf IP9GPqfR. % 5f? RXF # \a3B ; of testing cause-and-effect relationships two ways of testing relationships... =Qgpff10/1 '' J '' @ ] VeqnM\Hia ( 0 & > Z6Jb+FT ),... Ip9Gpqfr $ F and external validity are two ways of testing cause-and-effect relationships Reliability! Ontological standpoints on existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research
Guayaquil Airport Covid Testing,
Sean Kilmister Mother,
Staff Parking Kingston Hospital,
Articles D