Viollet-le-Duc illustrated this in his celebrated Dictionnaire raisonn de larchitecture franaise, which had been published in instalments during the Second Empire. These collections had been brought to Farnborough from properties on the continent, including Arenenberg in Switzerland (the home of Louis-Napolons mother, Hortense), Malmaison (though not the Empire furniture) and Eugnies villa in Biarritz (the source of seven Gobelins tapestries inspired by Don Quixote from 175257). He, too, had not seen her since 1914, yet she made him feel it had only been the previous week. While describing her as the kindest person she had ever met, Ethel admits that Eugnie lacked poetic imagination and suffered from an extremely halting and uncertain sense of humour. echnological development. The Empress Eugnie of France died in July 1920 after spending 40 years in a house in Hampshire: Farnborough Hill, now owned by the Farnborough Hill Property Trust. Farnborough Hill, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 8AT. The Grand Salon, however, was completely re-cast by Destailleurs son Walter, also an architect, in the first decade of the 20th century. By her death in 1920, British newspapers were almost unrelenting in their admiration for the ex-Empress Eugnie, praising her ability to face revolution and significant changealmost alone. Most of them were young relatives from Spain or former courtiers from France, such as Anna Murat, Jurien de La Gravire, Mme Carette or even Mme de Gallifet, although not her husband, the hero of Sedan. Today, Empress Eugnie should be a household name and represent patriotism, benevolence, patience. This suggests that Destailleur was seeking to bring into being the kind of church that ought to have existed at that time. History The devastating cholera epidemics between 1865-66 brought Eugnie closer than ever to the French people. Nowadays I am just a very old bat. Everyone has heard of the Napoleons the former imperial and French royal dynasty, the most famous being Bonaparte, but very few know of the wife of Napoleon III (Bonapartes nephew), Spanish-born Countess of Teba Eugnie de Montijo. The pink marble fireplace that Destailleur based on a chimneypiece formerly in the Htel Biron in Paris (now the Muse Rodin), and the two chandeliers, probably brought from Biarritz, are still there, however, as is the oak panelling and richly adorned ceiling, which include decorative features derived from the reigns of Louis XIV, Louis XV, and Louis XVI. Always practical, Eugnie installed a wireless on her yacht, as well as electric light and a telephone at Farnborough Hill. Farnborough was founded in Saxon times and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. The Empress Eugenie and Farnborough by W.H.C. Here, Eugnie faithfully reconstructed his study at Camden Place in Chislehurst in Kent, where the imperial family had lived from 1870 to 1880. Farnborough Abbey, dedicated to Saint Michael, was the project of his widow, Eugnie, who after the fall of the Empire spent her remaining 50 years living outside France, preserving the memory of her husband and only son, the Prince Imperial, who was killed fighting in the British army during the Zulu wars in 1879. The choice of architectural style, however, was unusual for its date, at least for a house of this size. . This paper aims to substantiate the oral history tradition of the monks of Farnborough Abbey that links the 'Imperial Vestments' in their care with Empress Eugnie of France (1826-1920). Then, once settled in England, she continued to donate to most of her former public charities with donations from her private purse, commenting that others should not have to suffer just because she had. The death of the Prince Imperial in 1879, aged 23, ended all hope of a Bonapartist restoration. One of the main reasons why Eugnie moved to Farnborough was her wish to create a worthy resting place for the emperor and the Prince Imperial. The design was modelled on the Romanesque crypt of Saint-Eutrope de Saintes, again via the pages of Viollet-le-Duc. A whole sea of blue water looked into you. He also noticed her deep Spanish laugh, which conjured up the bull-ring. Eugnie extended the space northwards, bringing in much needed light, and she filled it with important pieces of 18th-century furniture that had previously belonged to Hortense de Beauharnais, Napoleon IIIs mother. The Empress bought the Farnborough Hill estate in 1880, following a decade of personal tragedy: the collapse of the Second Empire (1852-70), the death of Napoleon III, and the loss of her only child. The kitchen wing was also extended, to provide accommodation for the staff, while there was an entire new annexe of three storeys. The emperors death and the awful tragedy in Zululand should have aroused sympathy for the empress, so sorely tried as wife and mother, Jean Gutary, one of Napoleon IIIs earliest apologists, had written two years earlier. He introduced the green and gold panelling in the style of Louis XVI, the two Classical columns and the new bay window. The crowd at Louis-Napolons funeral was estimated to have been around 100,000. Funeral of Empress Eugenie at Farnborough attended by Victor Bonaparte, Princess Clementine, the Queen of Spain, The King and Queen of England, 20 July 1920, press photograph BnF Gallica. The two bodies were moved here from Chislehurst in 1888 and placed in red granite sarcophagi, a present from Queen Victoria. Just a glance at one of her notebooks, in which she jots down reactions to what she is reading or to a stimulating remark, would show you how wide was the gap in sympathy and outlook that had existed between herself and most of the people who then surrounded her. Pronunciation: ou-JHAY-knee. Anything she wore, such as the crinoline, was copied across Europe. Realising who it was, the guide informed the conservateurand they let her stay in the room by herself for ten minutes. [1] She also donated her yacht, The Thistle, to the Admiralty and donated 200 to the British Red Cross. This is today in the Museum of the Second Empire in Compigne, but the architectural frame in which the painting was displayed at Farnborough, greeting the visitor to the house, is still apparent. , including electric lightbulbs and the telephone. From the outset, however, Eugnie conceived the Mausoleum as much more than a building. Even so, the journey meant a trek of several weeks through the veldt by wagon, sleeping in tents that were nearly blown away by storms. This was constructed in the 1850s and remained empty until the 1950s, when it was swept away as redundant. The allusion to Spain is in the architecture, but it is easily missed, in view of the overtly French detail that we have just discussed. Farnborough Aerodrome was at the forefront of aviation advances throughout the 20th century - pioneering the first powered flight in Britain in 1908 - and the biennial Farnborough International Airshow is a worldwide attraction, putting this quaint Hampshire town well and truly on the global map. She became a fervent Dreyfusard, convinced that Captain Dreyfus had been wrongly convicted of spying for Germany, and if she did not speak out publicly she quarrelled bitterly with Anna Murat for saying he was guilty. On the way back she stayed discreetly in Paris with the Duchesse de Mouchy (Anna Murat) and went to Fontainebleau where, despite an ecstatic greeting from the staff, she wept on seeing again the rooms which had been her sons. European Architecture, Art: Within a decade, Empress Eugnie had lost her Empire, her home, her husband, and her only son, Prince Imperial Louis-Napolon. Situated on the highest point in Farnborough, it has marvellous views over the surrounding countryside. The dome itself was copied from the west towers of Tours Cathedral, which date from the first half of the 16th century, but their redeployment over a crossing was without precedent in early Renaissance France. Eugnie sent the entire contents of the villa to Farnborough, where they furnished the house from top to bottom. The Mausoleum is cruciform in plan, with a short nave, a spacious crossing, and an elaborate chevet. When Charles Tiffany of Tiffany & Co. saw a portrait of the Empress, he knew the shade of blue she wore would become incredibly popular. The empress Eugnie and the imperial vestments at St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. Eugenie continued to live for many years at Farnborough Hill. Empress Eugenie: A footnote history. Eugnie maintained diligent oversight of the foundation, ensuring they had good diets and that there was fresh water, central heating, and green outdoor spaces. To those who know and sympathise with her story, the shrine is a place of extraordinary poignancy, her presence almost tangible. The Empress Eugnie (detail), photographed by W & D. Downey in c. 1880. Only 5 left in stock (more . I am left alone, the sole remnant of a shipwreck I cannot even die (. It commemorates not only a sovereign head of state, but, following the death of the Prince, the end of the Bonapartist ideal, which, ever since Napoleon Bonaparte established an empire in 1804, had sought to reconcile the political liberties of the French revolution with the institutional stability of the ancien rgime. Yet she lived firmly in the modern world. In March 1880 the empress went on what she called a pilgrimage to South Africa, to retrace her sons last weeks. The Queen of England was a great source of comfort and support for Eugnie at the time of those deaths, particularly given that Victoria had lost her husband in 1861. Guided tours at 3 p.m. on Saturdays and public holidays. She welcomed new inventions with enthusiasm. Evocative photographs by Firmin Rainbeaux and Lon Mniszech record the interiors of Farnborough Hill. In 1870, the Tuileries (the royal and imperial palace in Paris) was converted into a war hospital, where she could often be found caring for the patients herself. She was a guest on Thistle when the kaiser came on board at Bergen in 1907, and noticed how Eugnie rather liked him, and said he is always most agreeable and charming to her. Among them were the Golden Rose, paintings by Winterhalter (including that of herself with her ladies), by Mme Vige-Lebrun (of Marie-Antoinette and of the dauphin) and by David. She remained there until her death in 1920. Therefore, he decided to make it the official color, Pantone No. 1837, for his brand, which remains today. (They are still preserved at the abbey.) Since no doctor, British or French, had dared give chloroform to someone so frail, Eugnie remained half blind from cataracts. Though she never quite recovered from their deaths, Eugnie went on to live for another 40 years, continuing charity work and supporting others in their memory, an inspiring achievement. In accordance with Eugenies last wishes, on her death in 1920 she was buried above the main altar of the chapel in the crypt, flanked by the catafalcs of her husband and son in two side chapels. She also donated her yacht. Although she failed to keep her shrine to the patrimony of the so-called fourth dynasty, the Bonapartes, intact, Eugnie did manage to alleviate the morbidity and solitude of her final years with foreign travel, constant entertaining, active support for the war effort and the pleasure of seeing Alsace-Lorraine, annexed by the Germans in 1871, returned to France in 1918. Farnborough is a town in northeast Hampshire, England, part of the borough of Rushmoor and the Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area. This had six cabins but anybody unwise enough to accept an invitation to go for a cruise regretted it, since the boat rolled horribly. Distributed for Paul Holberton Publishing, 272 pages Her best epitaph, however, is a dedication found by Ethel in a copy of Lord Roseberys Napoleon I: the Last Phase, which the author had presented to Eugnie: To the surviving Sovereign of Napoleons dynasty, who has lived on the summits of splendour, sorrow. Eugnie evidently viewed the collections as a totality, and tried to preserve them in a trust. The death of the Prince Imperial in 1879, aged 23, ended all hope of a Bonapartist restoration. Mar 2019 Couples. The congregation at the funeral on 20 July included George V and Queen Mary, Alfonso XIII and Queen Ena of Spain, and Manuel II of Portugal and the Portuguese queen mother, together with Prince Victor Napoleon, the Bonapartist pretender, and his wife. She displayed selfless courage as she and her husband risked their lives to visit hospital patients. She was also an incredibly inspiring, modern woman, paving the way for many of the 21, As a foreign Empress, Eugnie was not initially very popular with the French following her marriage to Napoleon III in 1853. Yet the historic interior that Eugnie created in the 1880s survives at its core, lovingly preserved by the school. In 2014, to commemorate 125 years since the School first started in Farnborough, this lovely book was published describing the history of the School and including many anecdotes from former pupils and staff. His architect was H. E. Kendall Jnr (180585), a specialist in country houses and lunatic asylums. The original community was soon replaced by a group of French Benedictines from Solesmes. In 1880, he was invited to revise his designs for a mausoleum at Chislehurst. The Empress is also buried . This system of ridge and slab construction, with its combination of late-Gothic and early-Renaissance forms, was copied from the church at La Fert-Bernard, France. From the start she hoped fervently for the recovery of Alsace-Lorraine, and Ethel Smyth recalled what a comfort she was at dark moments, so sane and unshakeable was her faith in ultimate victory. They brought with them a tradition of superb Gregorian chant and liturgy that made services in the church worthy of an imperial foundation. This was a defining moment for the new regime, placing them amongst the, mpires of Europe. The religious architecture of the period was damned for clinging too closely to Gothic France or for capitulating too fully to Renaissance Italy. From the November 2022 issue of Apollo. Aprs vous, ma soeur. Eugnies manner towards Victoria was not unlike that of an unembarrassed but attentive child talking to its grandmother, said Ethel Smyth, who saw them curtsy to each other. In 1857, using money given to Eugnie as a wedding gift from the City of Paris, she established the Foundation Eugne Napolon, a boarding for impoverished French girls. A short flight of steps leads up to the gallery, which provided access to the rest of the house. The Funeral procession to Farnborough with Prince Victor Napoleon and his wife following the coffin, 20 July 1920 [Press Photo-Agence Rol] BnF Gallica. The history of the School itself began in 1889 when The Religious of Christian Educationestablished a convent school in Farnborough. Isabel Vesey, like Ethel the unmarried daughter of a retired army officer who lived nearby, but a very different personality, became no less of a friend. Eugnie settled in England after the Fall of the Second Empire in 1870, making Farnborough her home between 1884 and 1920. The spirit of France is beyond all praise and gives one confidence, she wrote to Lucien Daudet when the Germans were advancing on Paris in August. The house at Farnborough Hill had originally been built by H.E. She hates prejudice in her eyes Catholics, Jews and Protestants are equal members of humanity. He mentions her love of handsome people for her, as for the Greeks, beauty, intelligence and goodness are inseparable. Smith | Goodreads Jump to ratings and reviews Want to read Buy on Amazon Rate this book The Empress Eugenie and Farnborough W.H.C. Whether you are a private individual or a company, if you are a tax payer in France, you get tax benefits on donations to the Fondation Napolon. They were prepared for independent life at 21, taking lessons in mathematics, reading and writing, physical education, and learning how to sew. There are two ideas running through the architecture of the upper church, one French, one Spanish. Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. The Empress bought the Farnborough Hill estate in 1880, following a decade of personal tragedy: the collapse of the Second Empire (1852-70), the death of Napoleon III, and the loss of her only child. All of this was dismantled in 1927. Despite a cut on her face and blood on her dress, the imperial couple arrived at the opera only slightly late. Yet France rejected her even before Sedan, as a foreigner and as a woman who dared to covet power. 11.50. Ethel Smyth and Lucien Daudet were there too. On a more practical level, she wanted to be near Queen Victoria at Windsor, which was easily accessible by train. The interior, however, was scrupulously based on early-Renaissance models. Nonetheless, she was elated by the Allies victory, believing that God had let her live so long in order to see Alsace-Lorraine restored to France. Farnborough Hill was the principal home of the Empress Eugnie, the Spanish widow of Napoleon III. The empress was on far better terms with their successors. Eugnie, therefore, introduced a wide opening from the gallery, with magnificent glazed doors that slide into the walls. Both churches were established by Ferdinand and Isabella, the founders of modern Spain. The final choice was opposed in many quarters. Maurice Palologue first met Eugnie at the Htel Continental in 1901. There was even antagonism on the right, and not just from royalists. She never tired of travel, her cure for depression, and set out for India on a liner in 1903, although illness forced her to turn back at Ceylon. She was almost as upset when she saw what the Prussians had done to her beloved Saint-Cloud. She made no attempt to modernise Kendalls heavy Gothic detail, but furnished these spaces with unremarkable modern pieces and hung the walls with new paintings and informal family portraits. To her immediate left she placed a second sculpted image of the Prince Imperial, aged eight, by Carpeaux. Never waste time dramatising life, she warned him. Although the band played the Marseillaise instead of Partant pour la Syrie (no one remembered how to play it), many people in the packed church bore famous Second Empire names, as the children or grandchildren of her courtiers Murat, Bacciochi, Primoli, Walewski, Bassano, Bassompire, Clary, Girardin, Fleury. He was shocked by her appearance. This was likewise conceived around the Gobelins tapestries, the largest of which were displayed here. She almost invariably went to bed before eleven, the tiny household bowing and curtsying to her when she retired and she herself curtsying in response, as if they were all still at the Tuileries. Farnborough Hill became an imperial palace in more than just a nostalgic sense. Geraghty, however, recovers the totality of Eugenie's vision for . Her last words were, I am tired it is time that I went on my way.. Anthony Geraghty looks at the house she adapted as the final seat of the French Second Empire. The main house has an illustrious past and it is set in 60 acres of grounds, which include secluded gardens and woodland. The Farnborough complex should be read as a defiant statement of both Frenchness and historical-mindedness, as the remarkable and reviled woman who today lies in its crypt strove to keep the memory of her ancestors alive. Architects such as Destailleur were fascinated by periods of transition, none more so than the end of the Middle Ages and the beginnings of the Renaissance. She had intended to build this at Camden Place, Chislehurst, in Kent, where the family had settled after the collapse of the imperial regime in 1870, but she faced opposition and was unable to buy enough land. Like Ethel, Daudet is at pains to stress that she is neither frivolous nor a bigot. Kendall for the publisher Thomas Longman, in an emphatic, if undistinguished, variant of old English. , Pantone No. The empress believed firmly that, together, France and England were unbeatable. Eugnie again converted her home into a World War One hospital in 1915, supplying it with the latest technologies. There would also be an abbey of monks to pray for their souls. We know that she was attracted to the surrounding landscape, which reminded her of the imperial palace at Compigne, and we know that she referred to the house as her cottage, which has echoes of Marie-Antoinette at the Petit Trianon. Their hostess did not even notice and had lost none of her taste for stormy weather, having herself tied in a chair to the mainmast when rounding the Mull of Kintyre in a high sea. Most of the exterior detail is late Gothic in style, with elaborate buttressing, crocketed pinnacles and complex window traceries, but the dome pushes the implied chronology of the design into the Renaissance. 9 1/2 x 11 1/2, Architecture: While she was no longer an Empress, she still entertained royal visitors especially her dear friend Queen Victoria, in whom she found inspiration and in the grand residence she created at Farnborough Hill she sought to maintain a degree of princely reprsentation. But in 1891 she was a great deal nearer to les vnements, as she always called the downfall of the Second Empire than in 1918. (People had been saying that time had mellowed the empress.) As a result, the room faces east, which, according to 19th-century custom, was anathema for a drawing room. Tags: Therefore, he decided to make it the official. We know that Destailleur was in Spain in 188081. Her qualities were even likened to Queen Victoria, possessed by no other Empress or Queen of the period. Station details & facilities Ticket office Luggage Eugnie was considered of too little social standing by some. Eyes sunk deep in their sockets, eyeballs glassy and staring, he wrote. Eugenie, Countess de Teba (born 1826), was the daughter of a Spanish nobleman who had fought for the French in the Peninsular War. Preview and subscribe here. In 1888 alone she was visited at Farnborough by King Oscar of Sweden, King Luis of Portugal, the Crown Prince of Italy and Empress Frederick of Germany, who still remembered with pleasure her visit as the young Princess Royal to Eugnie in Paris over forty years before. often visited Eugnie at Chislehurst and then when she moved to Farnborough (Hampshire). Towering folly at Liverpool Street Station. The house itself dates from 1860 and was originally built for Thomas Longman, a rich publisher. During his reign Napoleon had prepared a tomb for himself in the crypt of the abbey of Saint-Denis with the kings of France, and until 1879 she had confidently assumed that he would be reinterred there, after her sons restoration. January 2011; Napoleonica La Revue 11(2):183 The Emperors tomb is in the north transept; the Prince Imperials is in the south. Franceschini Pietri, who as the emperors secretary had ridden with him during the 1870 campaign, died in 1916 and was buried as he wished, near the stair down to the crypt of Farnborough Abbey so that the empress would pass him on her way to pray at the tombs of her husband and her son. Empress Eugnie of the French, 1858 The marriage had come after considerable activity concerning who would make a suitable match, often toward titled royals and with an eye to foreign policy. However, once she visited hospitals and prisons, her approval began to grow. She told Lucien about her forthcoming trip to Spain. The Masoleum will be the subject of an article all its own next week. It is late French Gothic, flamboyant, with swirling tracery, ogee arches, flying buttresses and soaring gargoyles, crowned by a small Baroque dome that is a copy of the dome over the Invalides. In 1870, the Tuileries (the royal and imperial palace in Paris) was converted into a war hospital, where she could often be found caring for the patients herself. Smith 4 books Ratings Friends Following She never indulged in xenophobia, however, rebuking anyone who referred to Les Boches. The building that rose between 1883 and 1888 is his most substantial religious commission. The Empress Eugnie of France died in exile 100 years ago in July 1920 at a house in Hampshire: Farnborough In Focus: The 160-year-old 'Photoshopped' picture which shocked Victorian England An exhibition looking at four of the giants of Victorian photography has at its centre a remarkable work by the The design has no pretensions to authenticity and it looks back to the 16th century via the pattern books of the early 19th. (Palologues account of their meeting should be treated with caution.). Her liking is understandable he went out of his way to treat her as if she was still empress of the French. He had settled in Croydon, supporting himself by writing until he went blind, and left a book to be published after Eugnies death Souvenirs sur lImpratrice Eugnie. The empress gave le petit Lucien some good advice in return. Anthony Geraghty explains how their Mausoleum, which remains a flourishing monastery, is inspired by French and Spanish precedent. On Queen Victorias instructions a British general accompanied her, Sir Evelyn Wood, together with two of the princes closest brother officers, Lieutenants Bigge and Slade of the Royal Artillery, while at Capetown she was the guest of the governor, Sir Bartle Frere. Her straight back and upright shoulders do not touch the back of the armchair. Among the books she was reading he saw one of the volumes of Sorels massive LEurope et la Rvolution Franaise. Despite her seventy-five years, she retains traces of her former beauty, he said. 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