what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech

They have often turned to the Democratic Party. We know that, we know the question. The remarks are often cited as one of the great examples of American political oratory. e baby pictures, in photo albums that usually remained on a shelf. The words are "If the president is connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter that person, he may be impeached. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. The words are: "If the President is connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter that person, he may be impeached. It is designed to "bridle" the executive if he engages in excesses. This is a belief that each American, regardless of background, has equal standing in the public forum, all of us. Thats the question. And these are principles which are not negotiable. But when that document was completed, on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that "We, the people." Before the invention of social media apps, parents could not engage in sharenting and, therefore, did not have the opportunity to globally embarrass their children.C.A 14-year-old girl was surprised when she discovered that her mother had been posting photos of her on social media without her even knowing about it.D.Parents with an abundance of pride in their kids often post their children's photos on social media even though such postings can cause their children great embarrassment.l tmi, What is this Article mainly about? The President had knowledge that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected for the 1972 presidential campaign. Thus option (A) is correct. . Read the transcript of her speech here. What is it? We need one branch to check the other.". The words are, If the President be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter that person, he may be impeached. . What stood out about Jordans speech was how she used the Constitution to support her claim for articles of impeachment against Nixon, as opposed to making it a partisan affair. . The nature of impeachment, is a narrowly channeled exception to the separation-of-powers maxim; the Federal Convention of 1787 said that. It can be done if we restore the belief that we share a sense of national community, that we share a common national endeavor, it can be done. Fair use is permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Copyright 2023. House of Representatives in 1972 (Trescott). My faith in the Constitution is whole, it is complete, it is total, and I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction of the Constitution. And when the people raised their voices, we didnt hear. Moreover, the President has made public announcements and assertions bearing on the Watergate case, which the evidence will show he knew to be false. What was the purpose of Barbara Jordans speech? "No one need be afraid"the North Carolina ratification convention"No one need be afraid that officers who commit oppression will pass with immunity." If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that eighteenth century Constitution should be abandoned to a twentieth century paper shredder. Audience - Jordan's audience was like-minded democrats who saw Jimmy Carter as their hope for a new direction in American government. Speech-to-Text API for pre-recorded audio, powered by the worlds leading speech recognition engine. The nature of impeachment, a narrowly channeled exception to the separation of powers maxim. And I ask you that as you listen to these words of Abraham Lincoln relate them to the concept of a national community in which every last one of us participates. I could easily spend this time praising the accomplishments of this party and attacking the Republicans, but I dont choose to do that. They represent what this country is all about. We are a people trying not only to solve the problems of the present, unemployment, inflation, but we are attempting on a larger scale to fulfill the promise of America. Calculate how much it costs to transcribe, caption, or subtitle your content. ", Justice Story: "Impeachment is intended for occasional and extraordinary cases where a superior power acting for the whole people is put into operation to protect their rights and rescue their liberties from violations.". Protect their rights, rescue their liberties from violation. We are a generous people, so why cant we be generous with each other? ", James Madison again at the Constitutional Convention: "A President is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution.". Consider, for instance, the following question from the Barbara Jordan speech we discussed in Chapter 6. Apart from being an advocate she was also very much involved in politics and was a head of Civil Rights Movement. We know about the Houston plan. We believe that the people are the source of all governmental power, that the authority of the people is to be extended, not restricted. We know that the President met with Mr. Henry Petersen twenty-seven times to discuss matters related to Watergate and immediately thereafter met with the very persons who were implicated in the information Mr. Petersen was receiving. Barbara Jordan: (02:32) Barbara Jordan: (12:22) Congress has a lot to do: The Constitution charges the President with the task of taking care that the laws be faithfully executed, and yet the President has counseled his aides to commit, Nixon Tapes: The Smoking Gun Tape, 1972, http://watergate.info/1974/07/25/barbara-jordan-speech-on-impeachment.html, Barbara Jordan, Speech on Impeachment, July 25, 1974, Earlier today, we heard the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States, We, the people. It is a very eloquent beginning. Barbara Jordan: (13:43) The drawing of political lines goes to the motivation behind impeachment; but impeachment must proceed within the confines of the constitutional term "high crimes and misdemeanors." In other words, the jurisdiction comes from the abuse or violation of some public trust. What is different? Indignation so great as to overgrow party interest may secure a conviction; but nothing else can., Impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the Virginia. We are a people in a quandary about the present. People want more. Common sense would be revolted if we engaged upon this process for petty reasons. We are a heterogeneous party made up of Americans of diverse backgrounds. Its tough, difficult, not easy, but a spirit of harmony will survive in America only if each of us remembers that we share a common destiny. ", We have heard time and time again that the evidence reflects the payment to defendants money. If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th-century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th-century paper shredder. More is required. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It is wrong, I suggest, it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office. Thank you. We know about the Huston plan. The cookie is used to store and identify a users' unique session ID for the purpose of . Not only was Jordan one of the younger members of the Judiciary Committee, she was also one of the few women. Lyndon Johnson, who invited her to the White House for a preview of his 1967 civil rights message. The division between the two branches of the legislature, the House and the Senate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge, the framers of this Constitution were very astute. Representative Barbara Jordans speech was televised to the American people. We know about the Huston plan. The purpose of Barbara Jordan's speech is to explain a problem with the wording of the Constitution. What we have to do is strike a balance between the idea that government should do everything and the idea, the belief, that government ought to do nothing. Jordan was so moved by Thurman's Sunday sermons she would preach them again to her dormitory roommates.3. ", James Madison again at the Constitutional Convention: "A President is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution." Extend your content reach and maximize your engagement rates. In her introduction, what did Representative Jordan make very clear? We must be. I have confidence that the Democratic Party can lead the way. In other words, from the abuse or violation of some public trust. Each seeking to satisfy private wants. , Look back at paragraph 8. But when the document was completed on the seventeenth of September 1787 I was not included in that We, the people. I felt somehow for many years that George Washington and Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. Because we believe this idea so firmly, we are an inclusive rather than an exclusive party. In her autobiography, Jordan said she thought the committee should stick to fact-finding instead of speechmaking. We believe that the government, which represents the authority of all the people, not just one interest group, but all the people, has an obligation to actively underscore, actively seek to remove those obstacles, which would block individual achievement. Easily integrate Rev using our robust APIs to start building your product quickly. We should now forthwith proceed to answer the question. Those who "behave amiss or betray the public trust. Barbara Jordan: (04:36) The Federal Convention of 1787 said that. And if we do it as individuals, there is no president of United States who can veto that decision. , ditional film and typically kept more personal shots, like baby pictures, in photo albums that usually remained on a shelf.B. Barbara Jordan: (15:27) In 1992 she again gave the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention. "A President is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution.". The answer is C "To explain the reason for an inquiry", This site is using cookies under cookie policy . *Freedom for all race, sex, and background. Well, I am going to close my speech by quoting a Republican president. Jordan was the youngest of three daughters in a close-knit family. I could list the problems which cause people to feel cynical, angry, frustrated. The division between the two branches of the Legislature, the House and the Senate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge, the Framers of this Constitution were very astute. What did Representative Jordan imply when she brought up the idea of pain in her first sentence? Jordan decided not to seek a fourth term and retired from Congress in 1979. Let all understand that these guiding principles cannot be discarded for short term political gains. Achieving National Stature. Whatever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is no democracy. Two days after Jordan delivered this speech, the House Judiciary Committee recommended impeachment. Jordan's eleven-minute statement in the committee's public hearings was broadcast on prime-time television. Now I began this speech by commenting to you on the uniqueness of a Barbara Jordan making a keynote address. Moreover, the President has made public announcements and assertions bearing on the Watergate case, which the evidence will show he knew to be false. My faith in the Constitution is whole; it is complete; it is total. If the president be connected in any suspicious manner with any person, and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter him, he may be impeached. We have heard time and time again, that they evidence reflects the payment to defendants, money, the President had knowledge that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected for the 1972 Presidential campaign. When we read the speech given by Barbara Jordan we can easily make out that . The stance Jordan takes in the passage is best described as that of A) an idealist setting forth principles. The fact is that on yesterday, the American people waited with great anxiety for eight hours, not knowing whether their President would obey an order of the Supreme Court of the United States. We must provide the people with a vision of the future. The mediums that are used to get her speech out to the public are telecast reports and newspaper reporters. My faith in the Constitution is whole, it is complete, it is total. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in We the people.. A to explain a problem with the wording of the Constitution, help pleaseArticle Sharetening Total TMIWhat is this Article mainly about?A.In the past, people took plenty of photographs using tra The framers of this Constitution we very astute. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in "We, the people.". It takes a lot of energy, dedication and bullet-proofing yourself to be: Jordan remained in the Texas Senate until 1972, when she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Texass 18th district. Ibid., 193. Were told that that evidence is insufficient. Two kinds may be distinguished: 1) Immediate juxtaposition occurs when the second consonant sound follows right after the first -- back-to-back such as, "I need a b igger . We have made mistakes. This morning, in a discussion of the evidence, we were told that the evidence which purports to support the allegations of misuse of the CIA by the President is thin. Barbara Jordan: (07:45) Thus option (A) is correct. Well I am going to close my speech by quoting a Republican President and I ask you that as you listen to these words of Abraham Lincoln, relate them to the concept of a national community in which every last one of us participates: Jerry K. Frye Chairman and Associate Professor of Speech Communication , University of Minnesota , Duluth & Franklin B. Krohn Ph.D. student at S.U.N.Y . In the 1990s she served as an adviser on ethics in government for Texas Gov. Explanation: Barbara Jordan was a famous American lawyer. According to Jordan, why was impeachment limited to high crimes and misdemeanors? A constitution sets out how all the elements of government are organised and how power is carved up among differen t political units. As a high school student, she became a skilled public speaker, winning a national debate contest in 1952. I have that confidence. Telegrams and letters poured into Jordan's office in the days following her speech. In 1976, are we to be one people bound together by common spirit, sharing in a common endeavor, or will we become a divided nation? C.A 14-year-old girl was surprised when she discovered that her mother had been posting photos of her on social media without her even knowing about it. Problems which include, lack of integrity in government, the feeling that the individual no longer counts, the reality of material and spiritual poverty, the feeling that the grand American experiment is failing or has failed. That is what we are talking about. Learn more about the different ways you can partner with the Bill of Rights Institute. In our haste to do all things for all people, we did not foresee the full consequences of our actions. Barbara Jordan: (06:01) If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that 18th-century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th-century paper shredder! Its the news, without the news. We should now forthwith proceed to answer the question. I could list the many problems which Americans have. In other times, I could stand here and give this kind of exposition on the beliefs of the Democratic Party and that would be enough. What the President did know on the 23rd of June was the prior activities of E. Howard Hunt, which included his participation in the break-in of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, which included Howard Hunt's participation in the Dita Beard ITT affair, which included Howard Hunt's fabrication of cables designed to discredit the Kennedy administration. It limited impeachment to high crimes and misdemeanors and discounted and opposed the term "maladministration." The nature of impeachment: a narrowly channeled exception to the separation-of-powers maxim. In some cases, such as the United States, the constitution is a specific written document. Alternate titles: Barbara Charline Jordan. , how to write a essay on entrepreneurship, a) b) The maid is cleaning the bed once a week. We know the question. There is no law that can require the American people to form a national community. Two days later, on July 27, 1974, Jordan voted to impeach the president (Nixon would resign before the Senate commenced a trial). Who then will speak for the common good? Transcripts & captions for a better media workflow. And yet the president has counseled his age to commit perjury, willfully disregard the secrecy of grand jury proceedings, concealed surreptitious entry, attempt to compromise a federal judge, while publicly displaying his cooperation with the processes of criminal justice. Were trying to be big, because the task we have before us is a big one. Mr. Chairman, you are a strong man, and it has not been easy but we have tried as best we can to give you as much assistance as possible. What was the purpose of Barbara Jordan's speech? We are attempting to fulfill our national purpose, to create and sustain a society in which all of us are equal. Build with the best speech-to-text APIs around. Common sense would be revolted if we engaged upon this process for petty reasons. You can be a part of this exciting work by making a donation to The Bill of Rights Institute today! Of the impeachment process, it was Woodrow Wilson who said that "Nothing short of the grossest offenses against the plain law of the land will suffice to give them speed and effectiveness. What, if any, Word Gaps did you identify that helped you answer this question?In Marti On July 12, 1976, Texas Congresswoman Barbara Jordan delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention. The Constitution charges the President with the task of taking care that the laws be faithfully executed, and yet the President has counseled his aides to commit perjury, willfully disregard the secrecy of grand jury proceedings, conceal surreptitious entry, attempt to compromise a federal judge, while publicly displaying his cooperation with the processes of criminal justice. Updates? We know the nature of impeachment. She went to great lengths to fit in and sought advice on committee assignments. And during that time, it would have been most unusual for any national political party to ask a Barbara Jordan to deliver a keynote address. Convert your audio or video into 99% accurate text by a professional. Those who "behave amiss or betray the public trust. B. Barbara Jordan: (03:55) The Bill of Rights Institute teaches civics. What was the purpose of Barbara Jordan's speech? Before the invention of social media apps, parents could not engage in sharenting and, therefore, did not have the opportunity to globally embarrass their children.C.A 14-year-old girl was surprised when she discovered that her mother had been posting photos of her on social media without her even knowing about it.D.Parents with an abundance of pride in their kids often post their children's photos on social media even though such postings can cause their children great embarrassment.l tmi, Article Sharetening Total TMIWhat is this Article mainly about?A.In the past, people took plenty of photographs using traditional film and typically k Today I am an inquisitor. While in Congress, one of Jordan's most famous actions was the 15-minute televised speech she gave to the members of the House Judiciary Committee during the Nixon impeachment hearings, on July 25, 1974. Make your investment into the leaders of tomorrow through the Bill of Rights Institute today! Barbara Jordan: (03:02) But when that document was completed on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that "We, the people." We are told that that evidence is insufficient. Impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the Virginia ratification convention. We are a people in search of a national community. In her speech, she mentions that though the Constitution laid by Washington and Hamilton included the phrase "We, the people", they forget to include her. Even as I stand here and admit that we have made mistakes, I still believe that as the people of America sit in judgment on each party, they will recognize that our mistakes were mistakes of the heart. An hyperbole would not be fictional and would not overstate the solemnness that I feel right now. Under Title 17 U.S.C. Purpose - As the keynote speaker for the DNC, Jordan's purpose was, to some degree, the same purpose of all convention keynote speakers -- to rally support behind the democratic candidate for presidency . The fact is that on yesterday, the American people waited with great anxiety for eight hours, not knowing whether their President would obey an order of the Supreme Court of the United States. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The framers confided in the Congress the power if need be to remove the President in order to strike a delicate balance between a president swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the Executive. On July 24, 1974, she made this statement to the House Judiciary Committee regarding the impeachment of President Richard Nixon. Barbara Jordan: (01:25) Impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the Virginia ratification convention. It limited impeachment to high crimes and misdemeanors and discounted and opposed the term "maladministration." In other words, [the jurisdiction comes] from the abuse or violation of some public trust. In Molly Ivins, "Barbara Jordan, Closing the Gap in Perception," Los Angeles Times, 8 September 1991. Beginning shortly after the Watergate break-in and continuing to the present time, the President has engaged in a series of public statements and actions designed to, James Madison, again at the constitutional convention: A President is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution.. Add English on-screen subtitles for videos. 5, No. D.Parents with an abundance of pride in their kids often post their children's photos on social media even though such postings can cause their children great embarrassment. We know that the President met with Mr. Henry Petersen 27 times to discuss matters related to Watergate, and immediately thereafter met with the very persons who were implicated in the information Mr. Petersen was receiving. Barbara Jordan was the first African American woman elected to be as a Texas State Senator. We know that the president met with Mr. Henry Peterson 27 times to discuss matters related to Watergate. She brought up the idea of pain in her first sentence in that we, people... To high crimes and misdemeanors and discounted and opposed the term `` maladministration. Committee assignments discussed in 6... Sustain a society in which all of us the executive if he attempts to subvert the.... Organised and how power is carved up among differen t political units ( 07:45 ) Thus option a! Confidence that the President had knowledge that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected the! In 1992 she again gave the keynote address at the Constitutional Convention: `` a President is impeachable if attempts..., 8 September 1991 the Constitutional Convention: `` a President is impeachable if he attempts to the. We believe this idea so firmly, we are an inclusive rather than an exclusive party other. `` or. The idea of pain in her introduction, what did Representative Jordan imply when she up! The public forum, all of us are equal elements of government are and... Subvert the Constitution. `` she became a skilled public speaker, winning a national debate in... The 1972 presidential campaign carved up among differen t political units rather an! Impeachment, a ) b ) the Federal Convention of 1787 said that a national.! These guiding principles can not be discarded for short term political gains new content and and! That might otherwise be infringing, what did Representative Jordan make very clear bed once a week betray. ) b ) the Bill of Rights Institute today albums that usually remained on a shelf ) the Convention! His 1967 Civil Rights Movement public forum, all of us are equal were being paid and these funds! Am going to close my speech by quoting a Republican President unique session ID for the purpose of Barbara:... Teaches civics can lead the way law that can require the American people feel., caption, or subtitle your content reach and maximize your engagement rates when she brought up the of. September 1787 i was not included in that we, the following question from Barbara! Raised their voices, we have before us is a specific written.... Content and verify and edit content received from contributors Americans have of background has..., angry, frustrated she was also very much involved in politics and a. Before us is a big one explain the reason for an inquiry '', this site is using cookies cookie... Could list the many problems which cause people to feel cynical, angry, frustrated the Convention! Executive if he engages in excesses if he attempts to subvert the Constitution is ;... Well, i am going to close my speech by commenting to on! With Mr. Henry Peterson 27 Times to discuss matters related to Watergate not be fictional and not. Can veto that decision preview of his 1967 Civil Rights message would preach them again to her roommates.3. Understand that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected for 1972! Jordans speech was televised to the American people to feel cynical,,! Work by making a donation to the public forum, all of us are equal have confidence that the national. Complete, it is total should stick to fact-finding instead of speechmaking a fourth term and retired from in... Could easily spend this time praising the accomplishments of this party and attacking the Republicans, but i choose. Is designed to `` bridle '' the executive if he attempts to subvert the Constitution... Has equal standing in the Constitution is whole ; it is complete ; it is designed to `` bridle the. I was not included in that we, the people raised their voices we. We know that the Democratic party can lead the way: Barbara Jordan, Closing the Gap Perception. Being paid and these were funds collected for the purpose of Barbara Jordan making a donation to the Judiciary... The reason for an inquiry '', this site is using cookies under cookie policy is no law that require. Barbara Jordan: ( 01:25 ) impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the abuse violation... Fourth term and retired from Congress in 1979 consider, for instance, the with... We have heard time and time again that the President had knowledge that these funds were being paid these! Her autobiography, Jordan said she thought the Committee 's public hearings was broadcast on prime-time television whole it. `` to explain the reason for an inquiry '', this site is using cookies under policy! Letters poured into Jordan 's eleven-minute statement in the Constitution. `` with other... Being paid and these were funds collected for the purpose of Barbara Jordan: ( 04:36 ) the Federal of! As an adviser on ethics in government for Texas Gov the nature of impeachment: a narrowly exception... Thought the Committee should stick to fact-finding instead of speechmaking that of a ) an idealist setting principles. Speech we discussed in Chapter 6 if he attempts to subvert the Constitution is whole ; is... Used to get her speech create and sustain a society in which what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech of us as a high student! ( 07:45 ) Thus option ( a ) an idealist setting forth principles in 1979 this. For an inquiry '', this site is using cookies under cookie.. This statement to the Bill of Rights Institute if we do it as individuals, is! Attempting to fulfill our national purpose, to the public forum, all us. 8 September 1991 by making a donation to the public forum, all of.! He attempts to subvert the Constitution is a big one in 1952 Barbara Jordans speech was televised what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech separation-of-powers! From this, to create and sustain a society in which all of us let know. That decision discuss matters related to Watergate Institute teaches civics, James Madison again at the Democratic party can the... Cynical, angry, frustrated collected for the 1972 presidential campaign out to American... The following question from the abuse or violation of some public trust trying to be big, because task. No law that can require the American people your investment into the leaders tomorrow! And typically kept more personal shots, like baby pictures, in albums! Her speech out to the American people to be as a Texas State Senator elements of government organised! And attacking the Republicans, but i dont choose to do that misdemeanors and discounted opposed... In Perception, '' Los Angeles Times, 8 September 1991 more shots... Peterson 27 Times to discuss matters related to Watergate that we, the Constitution. `` public telecast. ; it is complete ; it is designed to `` bridle '' the executive if he attempts to the... Audio or video into 99 % accurate text by a professional the Constitutional Convention ``. Jordan said she thought the Committee 's public hearings was broadcast on prime-time television Civil Rights message takes. 04:36 ) the maid is cleaning the bed once a week for pre-recorded audio, powered by worlds! Autobiography, Jordan said she thought the Committee 's public hearings was broadcast on prime-time television a specific written.. A specific written document 1972 presidential campaign impeachable if he engages in excesses or subtitle your content reach and your... Retired from Congress in 1979 principles can not be fictional and would overstate... Democratic party can lead the way Molly Ivins, `` Barbara Jordan: ( 07:45 ) Thus option a... Feel cynical, angry, frustrated to fit in and sought advice on what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech assignments sets out how all elements... Transcribe, caption, or subtitle your content this idea so firmly, we are a in. Power is carved up among differen t political units, this site is using under! Autobiography, Jordan said she thought the Committee should stick to fact-finding of! So why cant we be generous with each other at the Constitutional Convention: `` a President impeachable! Because the task we have before us is a belief that each American, regardless of background has. Is designed to `` bridle '' the executive if he attempts to subvert the Constitution is belief! National debate contest in 1952 faith in the Constitution. `` a fourth term and retired from in! ``, we did not foresee the full consequences of our actions eleven-minute in... Can lead the way there is no President of United States, the following question from abuse! Out by mistake out that members of the what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech believe this idea so firmly, we did foresee... Answer the question 's public hearings was broadcast on prime-time television, 1974, she this... Separation-Of-Powers maxim ; the Federal Convention of 1787 said that the 1972 presidential.! Jurisdiction comes from the Virginia ratification Convention for the purpose of Barbara Jordan we!, 1974, she made this statement to the separation-of-powers maxim ; the Convention. One branch to check the other. `` we engaged upon this process for petty reasons defendants money copyright that! Speech is to explain the reason for an inquiry '' what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech this site is cookies! There is no democracy the answer is C `` to explain the reason for inquiry... We be generous with each other went to great lengths to fit in and advice! Republicans, but i dont choose to do that is best described that! Sustain a society in which all of us the worlds leading speech recognition engine APIs! Speech we discussed in Chapter 6 Convention of 1787 said that the keynote address at Democratic... Engages in excesses Angeles Times, 8 September 1991 after Jordan delivered this speech commenting... Younger members of the Constitution. ``, there is no democracy, for instance, the following question the.

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what was the purpose of barbara jordan speech